Fig. 6.

L. acidophilus S-layer protein-mediated inhibition of PEDV-induced apoptosis observed by microscopy (×100). (A) Control. (B) S-layer protein alone. Control cells and cells treated with S-layer protein alone show little green fluorescence or no fluorescence, indicating few apoptotic cells. (C) Among Vero cells infected with PEDV for 48 h, many apoptotic cells and necrotic cells show green and red fluorescence. (D) When PEDV-infected Vero cells were pretreated with S-layer protein, the fluorescence was significantly reduced. The results indicate that S-layer protein significantly inhibit PEDV-induced apoptosis. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).