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Effects on caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities in PEDV-infected Vero cells pretreated with S-layer protein. (A) Caspase-8 activity assays. (B) Caspase-3 activity assays. The relative caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities were calculated as ratios of the cleavage of their substrates in treated cells relative to control cells, and the values of the control cells were set to 1. The data shown are the means ± SEM of three independent experiments for each protocol. “*”, P < 0.05; “**”, P < 0.01.
