Table 2.
HFRS presentation: clinical history, examination, and laboratory test findings between the time of illness onset and before initiation of IV ribavirin (N = 38).
| Type | Event | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| General | Fever (≥100.5 °F.) | 38/38 (100%) |
| Headache | 27/33 (82%) | |
| Hypotension or shock | 4/38 (11%) | |
| Hypertension | 3/38 (8%) | |
| Oliguria (<400 ml/24 h) | 2/38 (5%)a | |
| Polyuria (>4000 ml/24 h) | 2/38 (5%) | |
| Vascular instability or fragility | Conjunctival injection | 24/38 (63%) |
| Periorbital edema or facial flushing | 22/38 (58%) | |
| Facial flushing | 18/38 (47%) | |
| Periorbital edema | 11/35 (31%) | |
| Petechiae | 7/38 (18%) | |
| Ecchymoses | 2/38 (5%) | |
| Bleeding | 1/38 (3%)b | |
| Severe hemorrhage | 0/38 (0%) | |
| Gastrointestinal | Nausea and vomiting | 32/38 (84%) |
| Abdominal, back or flank pain | 32/38 (84%) | |
| Back or flank pain | 26/38 (68%) | |
| Diarrhea | 21/33 (64%) | |
| Abdominal pain | 19/35 (54%) | |
| Laboratory tests | Thrombocytopenia (≤140,000 mm−3) | 36/38 (95%) |
| Proteinuria (plus one or greater) | 36/38 (95%) | |
| Elevated serum creatinine (≥1.3 mg/dl) | 24/38 (63%) | |
a
Both individuals oliguric on day 0 of IV ribavirin (one oliguric individual only received three doses of ribavirin due to transfer to another hospital for dialysis and was not included in the treatment analysis). No data available to determine if oliguria was present in two severely ill individuals who died within 24 h of receiving the first dose of IV ribavirin (received one or two doses of ribavirin and not included in the treatment analysis).
b
Epistaxis.