Table 2.

Major risk factors for bacterial urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis in renal transplant recipients

Risk FactorRefs	OR (95% CI)
Bacterial urinary tract infection13, 24,54,57
Female gender	5.8 (3.79–8.89)
Age (per year)	0.02 (1.01–1.04)
Reflux kidney disease before transplantation	3.0 (1.05–8.31)
Deceased donor	3.64 (1.0–12.7)
Duration of bladder catheterization	1.50 (1.1–1.9)
Length of hospitalization before UTI	0.92 (0.88–0.96)
Increase in immunosuppression	17.04 (4.0–71.5)
Acute pyelonephritis4, 25
Female gender	5.14 (1.86–14.20)
Acute rejection episodes	3.84 (1.37–10.79)
Number of UTIs	1.17 (1.06–1.30)
Mycophenolate mofetil	1.9 (1.2–2.3)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; UTI, urinary tract infection.

Data from Rice J, Safdar N. Urinary tract infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009;9(Suppl 4):S267–72.