Table 4.
Determinants of the number of foreign tourists in Spain. Comparison with Chen and Haynes' results (2012).
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China case study |
Spain case study |
China case study |
Spain case study |
||||||||
Dependent |
ltaf |
Dependent |
ltaNR |
Dependent |
ltaf |
Dependent |
ltaNR |
||||
FE | FE | FE | FE | ||||||||
lrider | 0,082 | (0,107) | lrider | 1626 | (3745) | lrider | lrider | ||||
lrlen | lrlen | lrlen | 0,040 | (0,086) | lrlen | –13,591* | (6946) | ||||
lgpppc | 0,459** | (0,222) | lgpppc | 3000*** | (0,755) | lgpppc | 0,495** | (0,231) | lgpppc | 2749*** | (0,762) |
lhotel | 0,078 | (0,050) | lhotel | 0,938*** | (0,030) | lhotel | 0,056 | (0,057) | lhotel | 0,941*** | (0,030) |
lresta | 0,054 | (0,054) | lresta | 0,062 | (0,057) | ||||||
whs | –0,003 | (0,010) | whs | 0,003 | (0,010) | whs | –0,003 | (0,010) | whs | 0,002 | (0,010) |
artc | 0,000 | (0,001) | artc | 0,000 | (0,001) | ||||||
lib | –0,001 | (0,002) | lib | 0,071*** | (0,018) | lib | –0,004 | (0,006) | lib | 0,069*** | (0,018) |
museum | –0,002 | (0,001) | museum | –0,027** | (0,013) | museum | –0,001 | (0,002) | museum | –0,026** | (0,013) |
exchange | 0,241*** | (0,078) | exchange | 0,084** | (0,033) | exchange | 0,204** | (0,081) | exchange | 0,072** | (0,033) |
pollution | 0,000 | (0,000) | pollution | –0,001* | (0,000) | ||||||
SARS | –0,447*** | (0,057) | Forum | –0,002 | (0,003) | SARS | –0,459*** | (0,055) | Forum | –0,003 | (0,002) |
Bjolumpic | 0,028 | (0,066) | AmCup | –0,002 | (0,002) | Bjolumpic | 0,014 | (0,067) | AmCup | –0,001 | (0,002) |
Shexpo | –0,055 | (0,069) | ExpoZ | –0,003 | (0,003) | Shexpo | –0,046 | (0,068) | ExpoZ | –0,001 | (0,002) |
Year | 0,089*** | (0,024) | Year | –17,887 | (24,957) | Year | 0,083** | (0,026) | Year | 18,663 | (20,898) |
HSR | 0,201** | (0,073) | HSR | 0,012** | (0,005) | HSR | 0,188** | (0,074) | HSR | 0,013** | (0,005) |
cons | –180,954*** | (46,067) | cons | 13,186 | (22,706) | cons | –168,258*** | (51,544) | cons | –7886 | (17,525) |
R-adj | 0,810 | R-adj | 0,744 | R-adj | 0,794 | R-adj | 0,745 | ||||
No. of obs | 313 | No. of obs | 799 | No. of obs | 295 | No. of obs | 799 |
Figures in parentheses are standard deviation. ***,**,* denote coefficients significant at the 1%, 5% and 10% statistical level respectively.