Fig. 3.

(A) Schematic illustration siallylactose immobilization. (B) Result of label-free influenza A virus subtype H1N1 detection using QCM measurement. Frequency shifts were detected following the application of influenza A H1N1 solution on 6SL or 3SL immobilized QCM sensor surfaces (experiments were performed in triplicate). Virus solutions of 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 and 1 HAU were injected at 5-min intervals (position of arrows). (C) The plotted data were converted from Fig. 3B. All plots were sampled after 5 min from injection. (D) Schematic illustration of the influenza A virus subtype H1N1 detection experiment. (E) An example of real-time measurements of transition in potential vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode as potential changes. An average of six cooperative measurement lines were shown as measurement data. Solutions of 1/1280, 1/320, 1/80, 1/20, 1/5 and 4/5 HAU were applied on 6SL modified gold electrodes at 10-min intervals (position of arrows). The original measurement lines are shown in Supporting Information (Fig. S4). (F) Data plots of relative potential changes 10 min after virus introduction. All plots were converted from the original real-time potential measurements (Fig. 2E). The potential measurement of virus binding on 6SL or 3SL surface were performed in duplicate. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)