Table 2.

Chemical compounds isolated from Polygonum multiflorum.

Classification	NO	Chemical component	Reference
Stilbenes	1	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d- glucopyranoside	Yang. (1976)
	2	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-(2″-O-monogalloyl esters)-glucopyranoside	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	3	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-(3″-O-monogalloyl esters)-glucopyranoside	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	4	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2,3-di-O-β-d- glucopyranoside	Zhou et al. (1994)
	5	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(6″-O-α- d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Chen et al. (2000a)
	6	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Chen et al. (2000a)
	7	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-xyloside	Sun et al. (2013)
	8	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(4″-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2013b)
	9	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(6″-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2013b)
	10	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2013b)
	11	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5-O-α-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2013b)
	12	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(2″-O-β-d-fructofuranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2013b)
	13	Resveratrol	Xu et al. (2009)
	14	Polydatin	Xu et al. (2009)
	15	Rhaponticoside	Yi et al. (2007)
	16	Cis-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoyranoside	Sun et al. (2009)
	17	Cis-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-(6″-O-α- d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Xiao et al. (2002)
	18	Polygonumosides A	Yan et al. (2014)
	19	Polygonumosides B	Yan et al. (2014)
	20	Polygonumosides C	Yan et al. (2014)
	21	Polygonumosides D	Yan et al. (2014)
Quinones	22	Emodin	Sun et al. (2013); Li et al. (2013); Li and Lin (1993); Kato and Morita (1987); Wang et al. (2005b); Chen et al. (1999b); Zuo et al. (2008); Zhang et al. (2006a)
	23	Aloe-emodin
	24	Chrysophanol
	25	Physcion
	26	Rhein
	27	1,6-dimethyl ether-emodin
	28	Emodin-8-methyl ether
	29	Citreorosein
	30	Citreorosein-8-methyl ether
	31	Emodin-3- methyl ether
	32	Fallacinol
	33	Emodin-6,8-dimethylether
	34	2-acetylemodin
	35	Emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Qiu et al. (2013); Li et al. (2013)
	36	Physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Qiu et al. (2013); Li et al. (2013)
	37	Emodin-3- methyl ether-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2006)
	38	Physcion-8-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Sun et al. (2009)
	39	Emodin-8-O-( 6′-O-acetyl)- β-d-glucopyranoside	Zhang et al. (2006a)
	40	Chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Yang et al. (1998)
	41	6-methoxyl-2-acetyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Chen et al. (2000c)
	42	2-Methoxy-6-acethyl-7-methyliuglone	Li and Lin (1993)
Flavonoids	43	Tricin	Xu et al. (2006); Li and Lin (1993); Chen et al. (2001c); Chen et al. (2000b)
	44	Rutin
	45	Luteolin
	46	Quercetin
	47	Kaempferol
	48	Isoorientin
	49	Apigenin
	50	Hyperoside
	51	Vitexin
	52	Quercetin-3-O-arabinoside
	53	Polygonflavanol A	Chen et al. (2012a)
Phospholipids	54	Phosphatidyl ethanolamine	Chen et al. (2001c)
	55	Copaene	Chen et al. (2001c)
	56	Eicosane	Chen et al. (2001c)
	57	Hexanoic acid	Chen et al. (2001c)
	58	Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	59	Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	60	Octadecanoic acid methyl ester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	61	Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	62	Ethyl oleate	Chen et al. (2001c)
	63	Docosanoic acid methyl lester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	64	Tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester	Chen et al. (2001c)
	65	Squalene	Chen et al. (2001c)
	66	1, 2- dihydroxynonadecone- 3	Chen et al. (2000b)
	67	1-O-stearoyl-2-O-Δ4′,7′-dodecenoyl-3-O-phosphatidic acid-O-β-d-glucoside	Chen et al. (2001b)
	68	1-O-stearoyl-2-O-Δ4′,7′-dodecenoyl-3-O-phosphatidic acid-O-(6″-O-α-d-glucoside)-β-d-glucoside	Chen et al. (2001b)
Other compounds	69	Catechin	Chen et al. (1999c)
	70	Epicatechin	Chen et al. (1999c)
	71	3-O-galloyl-(-)-catechin	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	72	3-O-galloyl-(-)-epicatechin	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	73	3-O-galloyl-procyanidin B2	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	74	3,3′-di-O-galloyl-procyanidin B2	Nonaka et al. (1982)
	75	Gallic acid	Li and Lin (1993)
	76	Methyl gallate	Yang et al. (1998)
	77	N-trans-Feruloyl tyramine	Li and Lin (1993)
	78	N-trans-feruloyl-3-methyldopamine	Li and Lin (1993)
	79	Indole-3-(L-α-amino-α-hydroxypropionicacid) methyl ester	Yang et al. (1998)
	80	7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Yu et al. (2008)
	81	7-hydroxy-3,4-dimethylcoumarin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Yu et al. (2008)
	82	n-butyl-β-d-fructopyranoside	Zhang, et al. (2006b)
	83	1,3-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethylxanthone -1-O-β-d-glueopyranoside	Zhou et al. (1994)
	84	Daucosterol	Li and Lin (1993); Rao et al. (2009)
	85	4-hydroxybenzaldehyde	Li et al. (2006)
	86	5-carboxymethyl-7-hydroxy-2-methylchromone	Li et al. (2006)
	87	1, 2-propanediol-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)	Yamaguchi et al. (1969)
	88	(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Achenbach et al. (1992)
	89	2,3,4,6-tetrahy-droxyacetophenone-3-O-β-d-glucoside	Yoshizaki et al. (1987),Yoshizaki et al. (1987)
	90	Torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	Li et al. (2006)
	91	Torachrysone-8-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside	Sun et al. (2009)
	92	Torachrysone-8-O-(6′-O- galloyl)-β-d-glucoside	Li and Lin (1993)
	93	β-amyrin	Rao et al. (2009)
	94	β-sitosterol	Rao et al. (2009)
	95	β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside	Xu et al. (2006)
	96	2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone	Liang et al. (2009)
	97	Schizandrin	Chen et al. (1999b)
	98	(S)-2-(2′-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxyl chromone-7-O-α-l-fucosel(1→2)-β-d-glycoside	Zhao et al. (2014)
New compounds after processed	99	2,3-di-hydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one	Liu et al. (2007b); Liu et al. (2009c); Liu et al. (2008b).
	100	Hydroxymaltol
	101	5-Hydroxy methyl-furfuran
	102	Butanedioic acid
	103	5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one