Table 4.

Nonspecific antiinfective components of milk: casein and casein fragments

Milk component	Pathogen	Disease	Mode of action	Evidence	Reference
Isracidin (f1-23 bovine αS1 casein)	Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes	Anaphylactic shock, mastitis	Unknown	In vitro, in vivo	Lahov and Regelson (1996)
Casocidin I (amino acids 150–188 of bovine αS2 casein)	Escherichia coli	Enteric disease	Unknown	In vitro	Zucht et al. (1995)
Fragments of bovine αS2-casein (amino acids 183–207 and 164–179)	E. coli, Bacillus cereus, S. thermophilus	Enteric disease	Unknown	In vitro	Recio and Visser (1999)
Human (not bovine) κ-casein	H. pylori	Gastric disease, heart disease (?)	Glycosylated κ-casein inhibits adhesion of H. pylori to gastric cells	In vitro	Stromqvist et al. (1995)