Table 3.
Viruses discussed in this review
| Virus | Official virus species name | Family | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| MHV | Mouse hepatitis virus | Coronaviridae | One of the most common causes of epizootics in laboratory mouse colonies |
| Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) and Friend murine leukemia virus (MuLV) | Gammaretrovirus | Retroviridae | Provides mouse model for a mechanism of oncogenic transformation by RNA tumor virus |
| HIV-1 | Human | Retroviridae | Member of the subfamily Lentivirinae |
| immunodeficiency virus 1 | Associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | ||
| Influenza virus | Influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae | Causes an infection of the respiratory tract that affects millions of people every year. There are three types of influenza viruses, A, B and C. Influenza A can infect humans and other animals whereas influenza B and C infect humans |
| MVE virus | Murray Valley encephalitis virus | Flaviviridae | Causes various symptoms from mild to severe with permanent impaired neurological functions, sometimes fatal |
| YF virus | Yellow fever virus | Flaviviridae | Causes yellow fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever. The virus can result in epidemics with mortality rates of up to 60% |
| WN virus | West Nile virus | Flaviviridae | Causes fatal encephalitis and lesions of diffuse inflammation and neuronal degeneration in humans |
| Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | Murid herpesvirus 1 | Herpesviridae | Mouse model of human cytomegalovirus infection and disease |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus | Hepadnaviridae | Infects human hepatocytes |
| Associated with acute and chronic hepatitis in humans | |||
| Persistent infection is associated with chronic liver disease, which can lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma | |||
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus | Flaviviridae | Infects human hepatocytes |
| Persistence of HCV occurs in ≈80% of infections | |||
| Persistent infection is associated with chronic liver disease, which can lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma | |||
| Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) | Theilovirus | Picornaviridae | Causes a chronic persistent demyelinating infection of the white matter in miceProvides a highly relevant mouse model of multiple sclerosis |