Table 1.
Emerging and re-emerging human viruses (1975–2007).
| Year | Virus | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 1975 | Parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae) | Emerging |
| 1976 | Ebola virus (Filoviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, host: fruit bats |
| 1977 | Hantaan virus (Bunyaviridae) | Emerging, zoonotic, rodent-borne |
| 1980 | Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (Retroviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic primary infection |
| 1981 | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (Retroviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic primary infection |
| 1982 | Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (Retroviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic primary infection |
| Ockelbo virus (Togaviridae) | Emerging, zoonotic, vector-borne | |
| 1984 | Torovirus (Coronaviridae) | Emerging |
| Puumalavirus (Bunyaviridae) | Emerging, zoonotic, rodent-borne | |
| 1986 | Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (Retroviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic primary infection |
| Human herpesvirus 6 (Herpesviridae) | Emerging | |
| European lyssavirus 2 (Rhabdoviridae) | New, emerging, host: bats | |
| Australian bat lyssavirus (Rhabdoviridae) | New, emerging, host: bats | |
| 1989 | Hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae) | Emerging |
| 1990 | Human herpesvirus 7 (Herpesviridae) | Emerging |
| 1991 | Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, rodent-borne |
| 1993 | Sin Nombre virus (Bunyaviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, rodent-borne |
| 1994 | Sabia virus (Arenaviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, host: fruit bats |
| Hendra virus (Paramyxoviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, host: fruit bats | |
| Human herpesvirus 8 (Herpesviridae) | Emerging, Kaposi sarcoma associated | |
| 1995 | Alkhumra virus (Flaviviridae) | Emerging in Saudi Arabia, variant of Kyasanur Forest virus, zoonotic, arthropod-borne |
| 1996 | O’nyong nyong virus (Togaviridae) | Re-emerging in Uganda, zoonotic, arthropod-borne |
| 1997 | H5N1 influenza A virus (Orthomyxoviridae) | Emerging, zoonotic, host: birds |
| 1998 | Nipah virus (Paramyxoviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic, host: fruit bats |
| 1999 | West Nile virus (Flaviviridae) | Emerging in America, zoonotic, host: birds, arthropod-borne |
| Aichi virus (Picornaviridae) | Emerging | |
| 2001 | Human metapneumovirus (Paramyxoviridae) | New, emerging |
| 2002 | Chikungunya virus (Togaviridae) | Re-emerging in riparian states of Indian Ocean, arthropod-borne |
| 2003 | SARS coronavirus (Coronaviridae) | New, emerging, zoonotic primary infection |
| O’nyong nyong virus (Togaviridae) | Emerging in West Africa, zoonotic, arthropod-borne | |
| 2007 | WU, KI-Polyomaviruses (Polyomaviridae) | Emerging |