TABLE II.
Comparison of various microfluidic methods and commercial products for sIgE detection.
| Reference | Principle of operation | Number of allergens tested | Limit of detection | Time to result | Sample volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sinurat et al.
110 Tai et al.111 Shyur et al.112 |
Microfluidic ELISA array with chemiluminescent readout | Parallelizable up to 40 allergens | 2.4 ng/ml | 30 min to read, 2–3 h to prepare sample and analyze | 100 μl of serum |
| Cretich et al.61 | sIgE immobilization by allergen and direct fluorescent labelling | Six recombinant allergens | 25 min | 25 μl of serum | |
| Huang et al.113 | sIgE immobilization by coated allergen and direct fluorescent labelling | 20 | 150 μl of serum | ||
| Heyries et al.60 | sIgE immobilization by coated allergen and chemiluminescence | 5 | 33 pM, 6.6 pM, and 66 pM for anti-peanut lectin, anti-β-lactoglobulin, and anti-human IgG, respectively | ∼1 h total | 5 μl of serum diluted 10 times in buffer |
| Hiller et al.32 | Allergen microarray on glass chips with fluorescently labelled anti-human IgE antibodies | 78 recombinant and 16 natural allergen molecules | 3.5 h plus chip scanning time | 200 μl of serum for all 94 allergens in triplicates (∼2.1 μl/allergen) | |
| Proczek et al.63 | Magnetic bead immunocapture and sandwich ELISA with electrochemical detection | 1 | 17.5 ng/ml | <1 h | 10 μl serum per sample. Capable of measuring eight samples per run |
| Ohashi et al.62 | Stop-flow ELISA with allergen immobilization on polystyrene beads | 2 ng/ml | 12 min | 5 μl serum per allergen | |
| Commercial devices | |||||
| Phadia™ ImmmunoCAP64 Goikoetxea et al.114 Shyur et al.112 |
Automated ELISA using β-galactosidase/methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactoside | >650 allergens and 90 allergen components64 | 0.24–240 ng/ml | 3 h | 40 μl serum per allergen64 |
| Phadia™ ImmmunoCAP Rapid67 | Lateral flow based sIgE immobilization and colorimetric readout | 10 allergens | >2.4 ng/ml | 20 min | 110 μl blood total |
| Hycor™ HYTEC 288115 | Automated ELISA plate reader using alkaline phosphate/p-nitrophenyl phosphate | 288 allergens, parallelizable up to 50 patient samples | 7 IU/ml (16.8 ng/ml) |
65 min | |
| Siemens™ IMMULITE 200 XPi116 | Quantitative chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for sIgE | >450 allergens and up to 200 tests/h | 0.1 kU/l | 65 min (200 tests/h) |
50 μl serum per allergen65,116 |
| Abionic™68 | Lateral flow based sIgE immobilization with an integrated filter separating the sample introduction and IgE capture regions. | Fel d 1 (cat dander), Can f 1 (dog dander), Bet v 1 (birch pollen), Phl p 5 (timothy grass pollen), and Der p 1 (house dust mite) | 1.4 ng/ml | 5 min | 50 μl of blood per allergen |