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. 2020 Apr 1;4(2):026101. doi: 10.1063/1.5127204

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© Author(s).

2473-2877/2020/4(2)/026101/8

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FIG. 5. — Actuations of the biohybrid robot in air powered by the skeletal muscle tissue. (a) Image of the biohybrid robot placed by immobilizing the wires onto the fixed base. (b) Variation of the p–p moving distance of the reference point of the biohybrid robot according to the deformable substrate length (n = 3 measurements) (electrical field, >6 V/mm; duration, 20 ms; frequency, 1 Hz). (c) Changes in the p–p moving distance caused by contractions of the skeletal muscle tissue induced by different electrical stimulations (n = 3 measurements) (duration, 20 ms). Scale bar, 2 mm.