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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Feb 14;209:107926. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107926

Table 2.

Effect of Covariates on Alcohol and Tobacco Use

Average # of cigarettes smoked per day
 Alcohol frequency
Covariates β β
SES: Education −0.02 (0.08) 0.12 (0.07)
SES: Gross income 0.01 (0.12) −0.14 (0.06)*
SES: Work status (0=not working, 1=working) −0.05 (0.11) 0.19 (0.06)**
Age 0.23 (0.09)* −0.21 (0.05)**
Gender (0=Male, 1=Female) −0.01 (0.09) −0.19 (0.05)**

Note. SES =socioeconomic status composed of mean-centered education, gross income per month, and work status (0=not working, 1=working). SES estimates presented here are the partial effects of each measure on outcome controlling for the other 2 forms of SES. Mean-centered age. Gender assessed with 0=Male, and 1=Female. SE = Standard Error.

*

p≤0.05,

**

p≤0.01.