Table 3.
Clinical characteristics among patients with substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses by chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) status among adult patients aged 18 or older.
| Tobacco use disorder | Alcohol use disorder | Opioid use disorder | Other drug use disordera | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CNCP | CNCP | No CNCP | CNCP | No CNCP | CNCP | No CNCP | CNCP | |
| n=34,583 | n=50,823 | n=7,932 | n=11,263 | n=3,070 | n=9,072 | n=5,505 | n=10,498 | |
| Column % | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) |
| Comorbid SUD diagnosis | ||||||||
| Tobacco | ----- | ----- | 41.0 (39.9–42.0) | 49.2 (48.3–50.1) | 39.5 (37.7–41.2) | 41.5 (40.5–42.5) | 54.2 (52.9–55.5) | 65.2 (64.3–66.1) |
| Alcohol | 9.39 (9.09–9.70) | 10.9 (10.6–11.2) | ----- | ----- | 12.7 (11.5–13.9) | 11.8 (11.1–12.4) | 26.1 (25.0–27.3) | 28.7 (27.8–29.5) |
| Cannabis | 4.11 (3.90–4.32) | 6.26 (6.04–6.47) | 8.11 (7.51–8.71) | 12.1 (11.5–12.7) | 10.0 (8.94–11.1) | 10.0 (9.40–10.6) | 45.3 (44.0–46.6) | 42.7 (41.8–43.7) |
| Opioid | 3.50 (3.31–3.70) | 7.41 (7.19–7.64) | 4.92 (4.44–5.39) | 9.48 (8.94–10.0) | ----- | ----- | 16.5 (15.5–17.5) | 25.0 (24.2–25.9) |
| Cocaine/amphetamine | 3.91 (3.71–4.12) | 6.49 (6.27–6.70) | 9.78 (9.13–10.4) | 15.7 (15.1–16.4) | 13.7 (12.5–14.9) | 13.6 (12.9–14.3) | 35.8 (34.6–37.1) | 40.1 (39.2–41.1) |
| Sedative | 0.64 (0.55–0.72) | 1.31 (1.21–1.41) | 1.49 (1.22–1.75) | 3.33 (3.00–3.66) | 5.37 (4.58–6.17) | 5.73 (5.25–6.21) | 7.77 (7.07–8.48) | 10.6 (10.0–11.2) |
| Other drugb | 3.51 (3.32–3.71) | 6.42 (6.21–6.64) | 7.74 (7.15–8.33) | 13.6 (12.9–14.2) | 19.1 (17.7–20.4) | 20.1 (19.3–20.9) | 41.8 (40.5–43.1) | 47.3 (46.3–48.2) |
| Mental health disorders | ||||||||
| Depressive disorder | 17.4 (17.0–17.8) | 27.1 (26.7–27.5) | 28.4 (27.4–29.4) | 38.3 (37.4–39.2) | 46.4 (44.6–48.1) | 52.6 (51.6–53.6) | 35.3 (34.1–36.6) | 47.2 (46.2–48.1) |
| Bipolar disorder | 3.33 (3.14–3.52) | 6.13 (5.92–6.33) | 5.66 (5.15–6.17) | 9.32 (8.79–9.86) | 8.34 (7.36–9.32) | 10.6 (9.95–11.2) | 12.6 (11.7–13.5) | 16.6 (15.9–17.4) |
| Mood disorder (any) | 20.0 (19.6–20.4) | 30.9 (30.5–31.3) | 32.2 (31.2–33.2) | 42.9 (42.0–43.8) | 50.7 (48.9–52.4) | 58.1 (57.1–59.1) | 43.9 (42.6–45.2) | 55.8 (54.8–56.7) |
| Anxiety disorder | 20.7 (20.2–21.1) | 29.2 (28.8–29.6) | 30.5 (29.5–31.5) | 39.5 (38.6–40.4) | 51.4 (49.6–53.1) | 52.5 (51.5–53.6) | 39.0 (37.7–40.3) | 49.9 (48.9–50.8) |
| Psychotic disorder | 3.52 (3.33–3.72) | 4.20 (4.03–4.38) | 5.70 (5.19–6.21) | 7.57 (7.08–8.06) | 5.93 (5.09–6.76) | 6.10 (5.60–6.59) | 12.2 (11.3–13.1) | 12.6 (12.0–13.2) |
| Sleep disorder | 15.9 (15.5–16.3) | 23.2 (22.8–23.5) | 19.9 (19.0–20.7) | 28.9 (28.1–29.8) | 36.6 (34.9–38.3) | 42.1 (41.1–43.1) | 21.9 (20.8–23.0) | 30.1 (29.2–31.0) |
| Otherc | 6.03 (5.78–6.28) | 9.95 (9.69–10.2) | 11.3 (10.6–12.0) | 15.7 (15.0–16.4) | 19.5 (18.1–20.9) | 21.5 (20.6–22.3) | 17.1 (16.1–18.1) | 22.3 (21.5–23.1) |
| Any | 38.5 (38.0–39.0) | 50.6 (50.2–51.1) | 53.4 (52.3–54.5) | 64.2 (63.3–65.1) | 74.0 (72.4–75.5) | 78.1 (77.3–79.0) | 63.9 (62.7–65.2) | 73.9 (73.1–74.7) |
| Chronic medical conditions | ||||||||
| Diabetes, type 1 or 2 | 17.8 (17.4–18.2) | 20.1 (19.8–20.5) | 15.7 (14.9–16.5) | 19.6 (18.9–20.4) | 24.0 (22.5–25.5) | 25.6 (24.7–26.5) | 15.1 (14.1–16.0) | 20.7 (19.9–21.4) |
| Asthma | 8.49 (8.20–8.79) | 14.4 (14.1–14.7) | 7.44 (6.86–8.02) | 13.7 (13.1–14.3) | 14.4 (13.1–15.6) | 19.1 (18.3–20.0) | 11.2 (10.4–12.0) | 19.3 (18.5–20.1) |
| COPD | 24.0 (23.6–24.5) | 22.1 (21.7–22.4) | 18.1 (17.3–19.0) | 19.3 (18.6–20.0) | 25.3 (23.8–26.8) | 22.7 (21.8–23.6) | 16.1 (15.1–17.0) | 20.0 (19.2–20.8) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 18.6 (18.2–19.0) | 15.3 (15.0–15.6) | 16.4 (15.6–17.2) | 16.3 (15.6–17.0) | 20.8 (19.3–22.2) | 17.4 (16.6–18.2) | 13.9 (12.9–14.8) | 15.9 (15.2–16.6) |
| Hepatitis B or C | 3.16 (2.98–3.34) | 3.91 (3.74–4.08) | 6.15 (5.62–6.68) | 7.32 (6.84–7.80) | 9.12 (8.10–10.1) | 8.19 (7.63–8.75) | 8.59 (7.85–9.33) | 10.4 (9.77–10.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17.8 (17.4–18.2) | 15.7 (15.4–16.0) | 22.6 (21.7–23.5) | 21.9 (21.2–22.7) | 33.8 (32.2–35.5) | 25.1 (24.2–26.0) | 22.1 (21.0–23.2) | 24.5 (23.6–25.3) |
| Hypertension | 45.9 (45.4–46.4) | 48.9 (48.5–49.3) | 51.9 (50.8–53.0) | 58.2 (57.3–59.1) | 53.4 (51.6–55.2) | 55.0 (53.9–56.0) | 40.9 (39.6–42.2) | 50.4 (49.4–51.3) |
| Any | 63.1 (62.6–63.7) | 65.1 (64.7–65.5) | 65.2 (64.2–66.3) | 72.1 (71.2–72.9) | 72.6 (71.1–74.2) | 71.8 (70.8–72.7) | 57.8 (56.5–59.1) | 69.7 (68.8–70.5) |
Note: the analysis was based on the EHR data from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. CI: confidence interval; CNCP: chronic non-cancer pain; SUD: substance use disorder; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Other (non-opioid) drug use disorders included cannabis, cocaine/amphetamine, sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic, hallucinogen, inhalant, or other/unspecified drug use disorder.
b
Other drug use disorders included hallucinogen, inhalant, or other/unspecified drug use disorder.
c
Other mental health disorders included adjustment, personality, attention-deficit/impulse/conduct, somatoform, or eating disorders.
Boldface: the number in the CNCP group differed significantly from the number in the no CNCP group.