Table 1.
Characteristics of statin new users and non-users before and after propensity score matching
| No. (%)* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||
| Characteristics | Statins (n=3217) | No Statins (n=7975) | Statins (n=2720) | No Statins (n=2720) |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 82.1 (8.0) | 84.8 (8.1) | 82.8 (7.8) | 82.7 (8.2) |
| Female sex | 2135 (66.4) | 5892 (73.9) | 1872 (68.8) | 1852 (68.1) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 2608 (81.1) | 6629 (83.1) | 2216 (81.4) | 2195 (80.7) |
| African American | 416 (12.9) | 909 (11.4) | 347 (12.8) | 362 (13.3) |
| Other | 193 (6.0) | 437 (5.5) | 157 (5.8) | 163 (6.0) |
| Body Mass Index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.9 (7.0) | 25.7 (6.5) | 26.9 (7.0) | 26.2 (6.9) |
| Chronic Conditions | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 712 (22.1) | 631 (7.9) | 458 (16.8) | 407 (15.0) |
| Diabetes | 1013 (31.5) | 1990 (25.0) | 804 (29.6) | 814 (29.9) |
| Hypertension | 1967 (61.1) | 4373 (54.8) | 1612 (59.3) | 1627 (59.8) |
| Heart Failure | 1563 (48.6) | 3850 (48.3) | 1349 (49.6) | 1341 (49.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 705 (21.9) | 2038 (25.6) | 622 (22.9) | 622 (22.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 296 (9.2) | 533 (6.7) | 240 (8.8) | 233 (8.6) |
| Depression | 426 (13.2) | 978 (12.3) | 353 (13.0) | 367 (13.5) |
| COPD | 828 (25.7) | 2096 (26.3) | 698 (25.7) | 720 (26.5) |
| Arthritis | 357 (11.1) | 984 (12.3) | 308 (11.3) | 297 (10.9) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| ADL status before hospitalization† | ||||
| Independent to limited assistance required | 1150 (35.8) | 2541 (31.9) | 934 (34.3) | 996 (36.6) |
| Extensive assistance required | 1137 (35.3) | 2577 (32.3) | 962 (35.4) | 926 (34.0) |
| Extensive dependency | 930 (28.9) | 2857 (35.8) | 824 (30.3) | 798 (29.3) |
| Cognitive status before hospitalization‡ | ||||
| Intact or borderline intact | 1094 (34.0) | 2139 (26.8) | 871 (32.0) | 893 (32.8) |
| Mild to moderate dementia | 1679 (52.2) | 4146 (52.0) | 1434 (52.7) | 1403 (51.6) |
| Moderately severe to very severe dementia | 444 (13.8) | 1690 (21.2) | 415 (15.3) | 424 (15.6) |
| Health instability (CHESS score) before hospitalization, mean (SD)§ | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.8) |
| Geriatric symptoms before hospitalization | ||||
| Falls | 620 (19.3) | 1771 (22.2) | 528 (19.4) | 546 (20.1) |
| Dyspnea | 237 (7.4) | 643 (8.1) | 204 (7.5) | 231 (8.5) |
| Number of medications before hospitalization, median (IQR) | 11 (8–15) | 11 (8–14) | 11 (8–14) | 11 (8–15) |
| Medication use before hospitalization | ||||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 817 (25.4) | 2292 (28.7) | 736 (27.1) | 779 (28.6) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 263 (8.2) | 746 (9.4) | 238 (8.8) | 231 (8.5) |
| Warfarin | 279 (8.7) | 930 (11.7) | 246 (9.0) | 256 (9.4) |
| Antiplatelet agent | 320 (10.0) | 990 (12.4) | 292 (10.7) | 304 (11.2) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 505 (15.7) | 1316 (16.5) | 436 (16.0) | 436 (16.0) |
| Diuretic | 1140 (35.4) | 3670 (46.0) | 1033 (38.0) | 1042 (38.3) |
| Nitrate | 428 (13.3) | 1601 (20.1) | 385 (14.2) | 379 (13.9) |
| Length of hospital stay for AMI, median (IQR), d | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) |
| No. of days in ICU or CCU | ||||
| None | 1156 (35.9) | 3717 (46.6) | 1034 (38.0) | 1011 (37.2) |
| 1–2 | 929 (28.9) | 1900 (23.8) | 741 (27.2) | 728 (26.8) |
| ≥3 | 1132 (35.2) | 2358 (29.6) | 945 (34.7) | 981 (36.1) |
| Nursing home length of stay before AMI, median (IQR), d | 413 (92–1,094) | 617 (175–1,336) | 450 (104–1,140) | 509 (110–1,229) |
| Nursing home care pathway after hospitalization | ||||
| Skilled nursing facility benefit | 2480 (77.1) | 5547 (69.6) | 668 (24.6) | 638 (23.5) |
| Long-term care | 737 (22.9) | 2428 (30.5) | 2052 (75.4) | 2082 (76.5) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; COPD; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHESS, Changes in Health, End-stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms; ADL, activities of daily living; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ICU, intensive care unit; CCU, coronary care unit.
Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
Measured by the Morris 28-point scale of independence in ADLs, and categorized as 0 to 14 (independent to limited assistance required), 15 to 19 (extensive assistance required), and 20 or higher (extensive dependency).
Measured by the Cognitive Performance Scale and trichotomized as 0 to 1 (intact to borderline intact), 2 to 3 (mild to moderate dementia), and 4 to 6 (moderately severe to very severe dementia).
Scores ranging from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater health instability.