Table 1.

Summarized risk estimate for the association between sleep disorders and hypertension

Factor	Group	Datasets	OR	95%CI		p value	I2	p value
				Lower	Upper
OSA	Total	10	1.798	1.355	2.384	4.70 × 10−5	72.4%	0.000
	Asian	4	1.998	1.271	3.139	0.003	60.2%	0.057
	Caucasian	5	2.054	1.093	3.862	0.025	82.4%	0.000
	Other	1	1.310	1.034	1.660	0.025	NA	NA
	Case control	1	1.720	0.862	3.433	0.124	NA	NA
	Cohort	2	1.637	0.894	2.996	0.110	61.6%	0.107
	Cross-sectional	7	1.980	1.312	2.987	0.001	79.6%	0.000
ODI	Total	5	1.716	1.325	2.221	4.13 × 10−5	36.8%	0.176
Sleep duration(≤ 5 h)	Total	19	1.448	1.252	1.674	5.73 × 10−7	90.2%	0.000
	African	1	3.480	1.692	7.158	0.001	NA	NA
	Asian	8	1.219	1.002	1.484	0.048	64.1%	0.050
	Caucasian	10	1.589	1.396	1.808	2.38 × 10−12	77.1%	0.012
	Cross-sectional	10	1.692	1.475	1.941	6.38 × 10−14	74.5%	0.000
	Cohort	9	1.218	0.995	1.491	0.055	77.0%	0.000
Sleep duration(≤ 6 h)	Total	18	1.138	1.036	1.250	0.006	53.6%	0.000
	Asian	8	1.127	0.963	1.319	0.136	50.6%	0.048
	Caucasian	9	1.181	1.050	1.329	0.006	39.3%	0.000
	Other	1	0.930	0.660	1.310	0.678	NA	NA
	Cross-sectional	9	1.190	1.047	1.353	0.008	61.3%	0.008
	Cohort	9	1.077	0.941	1.231	0.282	23.2%	0.237
Sleep duration(≤ 7 h)	Total	13	1.196	1.064	1.344	0.003	83.4%	0.000
	Asian	9	1.081	1.016	1.150	0.014	37.0%	0.123
	Caucasian	3	1.438	0.863	2.396	0.164	90.8%	0.000
	Other	1	2.200	1.503	3.220	4.91 × 10−5	NA	NA
	Cross-sectional	10	1.207	1.051	1.387	0.008	87.4%	0.000
	Cohort	3	1.174	1.009	1.368	0.038	0.0%	0.838
Sleep duration(≥ 8 h)	Total	15	1.129	1.033	1.235	0.008	54.3%	0.006
	Asian	9	1.176	1.020	1.356	0.016	57.7%	0.015
	Caucasian	6	1.086	0.931	1.266	0.258	41.2%	0.131
	Cross-sectional	11	1.148	1.040	1.267	0.006	62.0%	0.003
	Cohort	4	1.025	0.793	1.326	0.849	30.0%	0.232
Sleep duration(≥ 9 h)	Total	9	1.162	1.057	1.279	0.002	39.8%	0.102
	Asian	2	1.181	1.079	1.292	3.06 × 10−4	0.0%	0.646
	Caucasian	7	1.094	0.884	1.354	0.410	54.1%	0.042
	Cross-sectional	7	1.158	1.034	1.296	0.011	50.0%	0.062
	Cohort	2	1.147	0.841	1.565	0.385	21.9%	0.258
Sleep duration(≥ 10 h)	Total	6	1.411	1.066	1.866	0.016	90.4%	0.000
	Asian	1	1.520	1.253	1.844	2.14 × 10−5	NA	NA
	Caucasian	5	1.359	0.942	1.960	0.101	92.2%	0.000
	Cross-sectional	1	1.410	1.332	1.492	1.91 × 10−32	NA	NA
	Cohort	5	1.341	0.826	2.175	0.235	92.3%	0.000
Sleep quality	Total	11	1.380	1.082	1.760	0.009	96.0%	0.000
	Asian	10	1.347	1.046	1.736	0.021	96.3%	0.000
	Caucasian	1	1.840	1.133	2.988	0.014	NA	NA
	Cross-sectional	9	1.514	1.160	1.977	0.002	96.7%	0.000
	Case control	2	0.819	0.575	1.166	0.267	0.0%	0.839
Snoring	Total	9	1.939	1.410	2.665	4.50 × 10−5	92.9%	0.000
	Asian	4	1.665	0.885	3.133	0.114	93.1%	0.597
	Caucasian	5	2.186	1.578	3.029	2.48 × 10−6	78.9%	0.520
	Cross-sectional	6	1.917	1.106	3.323	0.020	91.4%	0.000
	Cohort	3	2.051	1.402	3.001	2.16 × 10−4	86.8%	0.000

the italic numbers means the OR values are statistically significant