Table 1.
PD-related variables in patients with 5-2-1 criteria (n = 20) vs those with 5-2-1 negative criteria (n = 82).
| 5-2-1 positive (n = 20) | 5-2-1 negative (n = 82) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66.2 ± 10.4 | 65.2 ± 7.6 | 0.634 |
| Disease duration (years) | 11.4 ± 3.9 | 3.1 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (female) | 65 | 41.5 | 0.058 |
| Hoehn and Yahr scale: | <0.0001 | ||
| Stage 1 | 0 | 27.3 | |
| Stage 2 | 65 | 68.8 | |
| Stage 3–5 | 35 | 3.9 | |
| UPDRS-III | 27.9 ± 6.4 | 16.3 ± 7.5 | < 0.0001 |
| UPDRS-IV | 5.7 ± 2.1 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | < 0.0001 |
| FOGQ | 7.7 ± 5.4 | 1.7 ± 3 | < 0.0001 |
| Daily dose L-dopa (mg) | 612.2 ± 230.8 | 202.7 ± 239.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Eq. daily dose L-dopa (mg) | 826.3 ± 434.4 | 342.4 ± 318.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Time under L-dopa (months) | 105.2 ± 49.3 | 18 ± 29.1 | < 0.0001 |
| PD-CRS | 90.7 ± 14.9 | 92.1 ± 13.4 | 0.676 |
| NMSS | 64.8 ± 44.8 | 39.4 ± 35.1 | 0.007 |
| Cardiovascular | 3.3 ± 6.1 | 4.4 ± 10 | 0.642 |
| Sleep/fatigue | 22.7 ± 23 | 14.1 ± 14.4 | 0.038 |
| Mood/apathy | 18.2 ± 23.6 | 10.8 ± 16.4 | 0.100 |
| Perceptual symptoms | 8 ± 15.8 | 1.8 ± 6.4 | 0.006 |
| Attention/memory | 12.2 ± 18.6 | 7.3 ± 11 | 0.130 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 12.3 ± 15.7 | 8 ± 14.9 | 0.247 |
| Urinary symptoms | 25.3 ± 28 | 18.5 ± 21.8 | 0.242 |
| Sexual dysfunction | 22.5 ± 25 | 24.6 ± 30.4 | 0.775 |
| Miscellaneous | 28.6 ± 18.3 | 10.7 ± 12.8 | <0.0001 |
| BDI-II | 12.1 ± 10.5 | 7.3 ± 6.2 | 0.010 |
| NPI-subject | 14.1 ± 12 | 6.4 ± 6.7 | 0.002 |
| QUIP-RS | 2.1 ± 5.1 | 0.8 ± 2.9 | 0.135 |
| PDSS | 116.3 ± 19.4 | 126.9 ± 14.9 | 0.008 |
| VAS-PAIN | 4.5 ± 2.7 | 2.8 ± 2.6 | 0.009 |
| VASF-physical | 4.5 ± 2.7 | 2.8 ± 2.6 | 0.016 |
| VASF-mental | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 1.9 ± 2.6 | 0.024 |
Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests were applied. The results represent percentages or mean ± SD. Data about H&Y and UPDRS-III are during the OFF state (first thing in the morning without taking medication in the previous 12 hours). In comparison between NMSS domains in PD patients, each domain is expressed as a percentage ([score/total score] × 100). ADLS, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; FOGQ, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; NMSS, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; PD, Parkinson's disease; PD-CRS, Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale; PDQ-39SI, 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index; PDSS, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale; QUIP-RS, Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; VAFS, Visual Analog Fatigue Scale; VAS-Pain, Visual Analog Scale-Pain.