Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced apoptosis in the mammary gland. Mammary tissues treated with PBS or LPS for either 12 or 24 h (n = 8) were collected and analyzed by real-time PCR for (a and d–i) mRNA expression or Western blot for protein levels ((b) representative blots in which each lane was a tissue sample from a different animal except the protein size ladder in the middle lane and (c) quantitative representation). (a) Caspase 3 (Casp3), (b and c) cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), (d) caspase 9 (Casp9), (e) Bcl-2-associated protein X (Bax), (f) endoplasmic reticulum stress marker C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; Gadd153), (g) B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), (h) cytochrome-C (CytS), and (i) BH3-interacting domain (Bid). Relative mRNA expression was calculated by the 2-ΔΔCt method and normalized by expression levels of housekeeping genes Actb, Gapdh, Hrpt, Stx5a, and Hnrnpab. Protein expression of CC3 was normalized by GAPDH. Error bars represent standard error, and different letters above each bar indicate significant differences. Significance was declared when P < 0.05.