Table 5.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with schistosomiasis among Wondo district schoolchildren who participated in this study (n = 298).
| Variables | No. examined | S. Mansoni | OR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 140 | 12 | 128 | 0.59 (0.276, 1.219) | 0.150 |
| Female | 158 | 22 | 136 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Age | |||||
| 5–9 | 76 | 8 | 68 | 1.216 (0.302, 4.897) | 0.784 |
| 10–14 | 188 | 23 | 165 | 1.44 (0.407, 5.092) | 0.571 |
| 15–19 | 34 | 3 | 31 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Parents' education level | |||||
| Noneducated | 57 | 6 | 51 | 0.235 (0.054, 1.022) | 0.053 |
| Primary level | 196 | 23 | 173 | 0.266 (0.074, 0.952) | 0.042 |
| Secondary level | 33 | 1 | 32 | 0.062 (0.006, 0.639) | 0.019 |
| College level | 12 | 4 | 8 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Parents' occupation | |||||
| Farmer | 219 | 27 | 192 | 0.938 (0.261, 3.367) | 0.921 |
| Businessman | 51 | 4 | 47 | 0.567 (0.116, 2.771) | 0.484 |
| Civil servant | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0.000 (0.000, 0.000) | 0.999 |
| Daily laborer | 23 | 3 | 20 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Anthelminthic treatment | |||||
| Yes | 28 | 3 | 25 | 0.925 (0.264, 3.244) | 0.903 |
| No | 270 | 31 | 239 | 1 | |
| Water source | |||||
| Piped water | 224 | 25 | 199 | 0.335 (0.083, 1.346) | 0.123 |
| Well water | 24 | 1 | 23 | 0.116 (0.010, 1.280) | 0.079 |
| Spring water | 39 | 5 | 34 | 0.392 (0.077, 1.992) | 0.259 |
| River water | 11 | 3 | 8 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Water contact experience | |||||
| Have | 277 | 26 | 251 | 0.168 (0.064, 0.444) | 0.001∗ |
| Have no | 21 | 8 | 13 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Water contact frequency | |||||
| 3 and less days/week | 206 | 21 | 185 | 0.69 (0.329, 1.446) | 0.325 |
| 4 and more days/week | 92 | 13 | 79 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Swimming | |||||
| Yes | 172 | 24 | 148 | 8.351 (1.931, 36.114) | 0.004∗ |
| No | 105 | 2 | 103 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Cloth washing | |||||
| Yes | 205 | 20 | 185 | 1.189 (0.458, 3.089) | 0.722 |
| No | 72 | 6 | 66 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Water fetching | |||||
| Yes | 133 | 12 | 121 | 0.921 (0.41, 2.070) | 0.842 |
| No | 144 | 14 | 130 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Cattle herding | |||||
| Yes | 146 | 16 | 131 | 1.489 (0.651, 3.408) | 0.346 |
| No | 131 | 10 | 121 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Travel to school | |||||
| Yes | 179 | 15 | 164 | 0.723 (0.319, 1.643) | 0.439 |
| No | 98 | 11 | 87 | 1 | |
|
| |||||
| Awareness on schistosomiasis | |||||
| Have | 23 | 8 | 15 | 1 | |
| Have no | 275 | 26 | 249 | 0.196 (0.076, 0.5050) | 0.001∗ |
|
| |||||
| Household latrine | |||||
| Have | 271 | 25 | 246 | 1 | |
| Have no | 27 | 9 | 18 | 4.92 (2.001, 12.098) | 0.001∗ |
OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. ∗Significant association (P, 0.025).