Table 1.
Main characteristics of included studies: Immunotherapy potentials.
| Treatment by | Specific or for similar viruses | Type of immunotherapy (vaccine and…..) | Treatment/Interventions | Accompanied by another treatment | Number of patients treated (percent improved) | Outcomes, results and relationships | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma therapy(Convalescent plasma) | Specific (for COVID-19) | polyclonal antibody immune response(passive antibody) | – | Standard treatment | 300 people in COVID-19 clinical trial | Clinical improvement | [7] |
| Immunoglobulin | Specific (for COVID-19) | – | – | Standard treatment | 80 people in COVID-19 clinical trial | Clinical improvement | [7] |
| Thymosin | Specific (for COVID-19) | Polypeptide hormone for maturation of T cells | – | Camrelizumab (anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor), conventional treatment | 120 people in COVID-19 clinical trial | Lung injury score | [7] |
| Tocilizumab | Specific (for COVID-19) | monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) | – | – | 188 people in COVID-19 clinical trial | Cure rate | [7] |
| SARS-CoV RBD-specific antibodies | SARS-CoV-2 | Vaccine | cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2 | – | – | Experimental test | [8] |
| cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and B cell epitopes | Specific (for COVID-19) | Vaccine | – | – | – | untested | [9] |
| Immunoglobulin Fc domain | Specific (for COVID-19) | ACE2 immunoadhesin | – | – | – | untested | [10] |
| Viral-vector | MERS-CoV | Vaccine | Vectors that encoding S or S1 protein | – | In transgenic mice or BALB/c mice | acceptable | [11] |
| Viral-vector and Nanoparticle | MERS-CoV | Vaccine | rAd5 and MERS-CoV S nanoparticle | – | in SPF BALB/c mice | induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses | [11] |
| DNA | MERS-CoV | Vaccine | DNA encoding S or S1 Protein |
– | In animals | acceptable | [11] |
| Inactivated whole-virus | MERS-CoV | vaccine | – | – | mice | In some features is acceptable | [11] |
| Live-attenuated | MERS-CoV mutant | vaccine | Mutation in E and or NSP16 genes | – | transgenic mice | In some features is acceptable | [11] |
| Subunits or nanoparticle | MERS-CoV | vaccine | – | – | mice | In some features are acceptable | [11] |
| CR3022 | SARS-CoV | monoclonal antibody | cross-reactive antibodies | alone or in combination with other neutralizing antibodies (e.g. m396, CR3014) | – | Un-tested | [5] |
| Based T cell epitope | SARS-CoV-2 proteins | vaccine | – | – | – | Only about SARS-CoV | [12] |