Table 3.
Risk factors for respiratory disease: multivariate analysis
| Characteristicsa | Multivariate analysis |
|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI), p-value | |
| Age ≥50 years versus others | – |
| Birthplace | – |
| Range of duration of residence in France ≥1 year versus others | – |
| Visit to country of origin since immigration | 1.68 (1.04–2.71), p 0.035 |
| Range of duration of homelessness ≥1 year versus others | 1.77 (1.11–2.83), p 0.017 |
| Alcohol | – |
| Tobacco | – |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 5.27 (2.24–12.41), p <0.0001 |
| Seasonal vaccination against influenza | – |
| Respiratory pathogen | |
| Haemophilus influenzae | – |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 2.32 (1.18–5.3), p 0.014 |
| At least one virus | 2.40 (1.21–4.74), p 0.012 |
| H. influenzae+ S. pneumoniae co-infection | – |
a
Only variables with p values <0.2 in the univariate analysis and with a paired correlation coefficient <0.7 were included in the multivariate analysis.