TABLE 3.

Risk factors among ravelers with cough and fever

			Univariate analysis (travellers with cough non-febrile versus travellers without cough and fever)			Univariate analysis (travellers with cough and fever versus travellers without cough and fever)
Variables	Travellers without cough and fever (n = 176)	Travellers with cough, non-febrile (n = 201)	OR (IC 95%)	p	Travellers with cough and fever (n = 70)	OR (IC 95%)	p
Age – mean (SD)†	57.1 (12.8)	57.9 (11.7)	–	0.51	57.7 (12.3)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.74
Sex – number (incidence rate %)
Male	94	110 (53.9)	0.95 (0.62–1.46)	0.79	38 (28.8)	0.97 (0.69–1.53)	0.90
Female	82	91 (52.6)			32 (28.1)
Education level ≤ CS†
Yes	127	131 (50.8)	0.72 (0.45–1.15)	0.14	46 (26.6)	0.74 (0.39–1.41)	0.32
No	49	70 (58.8)			24 (32.9)
No Employmenta,†
Yes	78	96 (55.2)	1.17 (0.66–2.08)	0.56	41 (34.5)	2.22 (0.98–5.03)	0.05
No	38	40 (51.3)			9 (19.1)
Household rooms per person <1*
Yes	72	87 (54.7)	1.01 (0.64–1.57)	0.98	29 (28.7)	0.97 (0.54–1.73)	0.91
No	89	107 (54.6)			37 (29.4)
Previous travel to Saudi Arabia*
No	122	148 (54.8)	1.26 (0.78–2.03)	0.31	50 (29.1)	1.17 (0.63–2.16)	0.63
Yes	54	52 (49.1)			19 (26.0)
Diabetes†
Yes	38	44 (53.7)	1.02 (0.60–1.72)	0.94	25 (39.7)	2.02 (1.1–3.7)	0.02
No	138	157 (53.2)			45 (24.6)
Chronic respiratory disease
Yes	9	6 (40.0)	0.94 (0.57–1.55)	0.79	4 (21.1)	1.13 (0.34–3.78)	0.85
No	167	195 (53.9)			66 (15.4)
Hypertension
Yes	43	51 (54.3)	1.05 (0.64–1.73)	0.83	20 (31.7)	1.24 (0.66–2.3)	0.50
No	133	150 (53.0)			50 (27.3)
Statin use†
No	157	181 (53.6)	1.10 (0.53–2.25)	0.79	61 (28.0)	0.82 (0.35–1.91)	0.65
Yes	19	20 (51.3)			9 (32.1)
Vaccination against influenza
No	119	122 (50.6)	0.67 (0.42–1.07)	0.07	45 (27.4)	0.79 (0.43–1.43)	0.43
Yes	50	76 (60.3)			24 (32.4)

CS, certificate of study (primary school).

^aEmployment rate in individual under 65 years only (%).

^*Missing data.

^†Variables entered in the multivariate model.