Table 1.
Summary of physico-chemical characteristics of the most important positive acute phase proteins in different animal species
| EF | MW (kDa) | g/dL | Group | Major | Minor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haptoglobin (Hp) | α2 | 100–400 | 1–2.6 | II | B(III), S(III), M(III) | H(II),C(II),F(I/II),R(II) |
| Complement fraction C3 | α1−β | 185 | 0.8−1.4 | I | None | All(I/II) |
| Complement fraction C4 | α1 | 206 | 0.2−0.4 | I | None | All(I/II) |
| Ceruloplasmin (Cp) | α2 | 51 | 0.2−0.6 | I | None | H,C,F,B |
| Fibrinogen | β−γ | 341 | 2.0−4.5 | II | None | H(II),E(II),B(I),S(I),M(II),R(II) |
| α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) | α1 | 41 | 0.5−1.4 | II | F(II),R(III) | H(II),C(II),B(II),M(II) |
| C reactive protein (CRP) | α2 | 106 | <0.01 | II | H(III),C(III),E(II),S(II),M(II),R(II) | F(II),B(I) |
| Serum amyloid A (SAA) | α2 | 14 | 0.01 | III | All(III) | None |
| Serum amyloid P (SAP) | – | – | – | III | R(I/III) | None |
| α2-Macroglobulin (2MG) | α2 | – | – | III | None | B(II),R(III) |
| Pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP) | α2 | 115 | – | III | S(III) | B(II), R(II) |
EF, electrophoretic migration; MW, molecular weight; g/dL, physiological concentration in serum; Group: proteins are listed according to the usual increase during the acute phase reaction (APR): I = increase up to 100%, II = increase up to 10×, III = increase >10× during APR.
Major or Minor = species in which each APP is considered major or minor based on the frequency of increase during APR and on the magnitude of elevation (see I, II and III above); B = bovine; C = canine; E = equine; F = feline; H = human; M = mouse; S = swine; R = rat.
Modified from Gruys and Toussaint, 2001, Petersen et al., 2004.