TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients admitted to intensive care units because of 2009 influenza A (H1N1)v pneumonia, comparing non-ventilated with all the groups of ventilated patients
| Non-invasive ventilation |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Non-ventilated (n = 196) | All (n = 177) | Successful (n = 72) | Failed (n = 105) | Initially intubated (n = 312) |
| Gender (male) (%) | 56.2 | 56.5 | 56.9 | 56.2 | 53.4 |
| Age (years) | 41 (32–52) | 44 (33–53) | 45 (34–53) | 44 (32–53) | 43 (32–52) |
| APACHE II | 9 (6–13) | 12 (9–16) | 10 (8–14) | 14 (10–18.2)* | 15 (10–19) |
| SOFA score | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–4) | 6 (4–8)* | 6 (4–9) |
| Comorbidities (%) | 57 | 74.6 | 70.8+ | 77.1 | 71.2 |
| MODS (%) | 29.1 | 61 | 27.8 | 83.8* | 82.7 |
| CXRqo <2 (%) | 34.6 | 46.2 | 38.8 | 35.3** | 43.2 |
| Shock (%) | 8.4 | 45.2 | 13.9 | 66.7* | 65.8 |
| Obesity >30% BMI (%) | 17.9 | 31.6 | 38.9 | 26.7 | 21.7 |
| Chronic renal failure (%) | 4.2 | 5.6 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 5.2 |
| Asthma (%) | 11.1 | 10.2 | 13.9 | 7.6 | 8.4 |
| COPD (%) | 5.8 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 13.3 | 11.7 |
| Heart failure (%) | 3.2 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| Leucocyte count (per mm3) | 6250 (3450–10 650) | 5400 (3500–8770) | 5000 (4000–7975) | 6000 (3475–9175) | 6215 (3775–10 200) |
| Platelet count (1000/mm3) | 161.5 (117.5–228.3) | 156 (121.5–226.5) | 158 (115.8–2350) | 155 (124–217) | 150 (110–201.5) |
| LDH (U/L) | 523(313–829) | 781 (441–1116) | 758(441–1006) + | 835 (438–1249) | 787(458–1136) |
| CK (U/L) | 133 (53–365) | 265 (102–580) | 307 (105–618)+ | 251 (100–572) | 22 (95–636) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 (0.6–1) | 0.88 (0.61–1.12) | 0.8 (0.6–1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) |
| Antiviral gap (days) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–6) |
| Oseltamivir treatment (days) | 7 (5–10) | 10 (7–12.2) | 7 (7–10) | 10 (7–14)** | 11 (10–14) |
| Steroid treatment (%) | 32.3 | 43.5 | 36.7 | 48.5 | 41.4 |
| Days from symptom onset | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (2–5) | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) |
| to hospital admission Days from hospital to ICU admission | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) |
| MV days | 7 (3–14) | 3 (2–6) | 12 (5–18.5)* | 13 (8–23) | |
| VAP (%) | 11.1 | 0 | 11.1*** | 19.2 | |
| ICU days | 4 (3–6) | 9 (5–17) | 6 (3–9) | 15 (8–25)* | 17 (10–28.2) |
| Hospital days | 9 (7–13) | 16 (10–24.2) | 11.5 (7–15)+ | 20.5(13.7–32.7)* | 24 (15–37.5) |
| In-hospital mortality (%) | 2.2 | 17.3 | 4.2 | 26.5* | 24.2 |
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scoring at ICU admission; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; CXRqo, chest X-ray quadrants opacities; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; MV, mechanical ventilation; VAP, ventilation-associated pneumonia; ICU, intensive care unit.
Comorbidities included obesity >30% BMI, chronic renal failure, asthma, COPD and heart failure, and calculated as the percentage of patients having at least one comorbidity. All the laboratory parameters are at ICU admission. Antiviral gap: time from symptom onset to start antiviral treatment. Hospital days: from hospital admission to discharge. +p <0.05 comparing successful NIV with non-ventilated H1N1 pneumonia patients;
p <0.001 (NIV failure versus NIV success);
p <0.01 (NIV failure versus NIV success);
p <0.05 (NIV failure versus NIV success).
Data are expressed as medians (25th–75th interquartile range), or percentage.