References	Objective	Design	Evidence
Predictive tools
Aujesky et al. [250]	Reasons why emergency department providers do not rely on the pneumonia severity index to determine the initial site of treatment for patients with pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Barlow et al.[255]	The CURB65 pneumonia severity score outperforms generic sepsis and early warning scores in predicting mortality in community‐acquired pneumonia	RCS	4B+
Bauer et al. [233]	CRB‐65 predicts death from CAP	PCS	3A+
Busing et al. [252]	A prospective comparison of severity scores for identifying patients with severe community‐acquired pneumonia: reconsidering what is meant by severe pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Capelastegui  et al. [251]	Validation of a predictive rule for the management of community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Chalmers  et al. [267]	Systolic blood pressure is superior to other haemodynamic predictors of outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Ewig et al. [248]	Validation of predictive rules and indices of severity for community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Ewig et al. [249]	New perspectives on community‐acquired pneumonia in 388 406 patients. Results from a nationwide mandatory performance measurement programme in healthcare quality	PCS	3A+
Labarere  et al. [257]	Factors associated with the hospitalization of low‐risk patients with community‐acquired pneumonia in a cluster‐randomized trial	PCS	3A+
Lim et al. [247]	Defining community‐acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study	PCS	3A+
Loeb et al. [260]	Effect of a clinical pathway to reduce hospitalizations in nursing home residents with pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial	RCT	2A+
Man et al. [253]	Prospective comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity of community‐acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong	PCS	3A+
Marrie and  Huang [258]	Admission is not always necessary for patients with community‐acquired pneumonia in risk classes IV and V diagnosed in the emergency room	PCS	3A+
Myint et al. [254]	Severity assessment criteria recommended by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and older patients. Should SOAR (systolic blood pressure, oxygenation, age and respiratory rate) criteria be used in older people? A compilation study of two prospective cohorts	PCS	3A+
Biomarkers
Chalmers  et al. [267]	Admission D‐dimer can identify low‐risk patients with community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Christ‐Crain  et al. [271]	Pro‐adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Christ‐Crain  et al. [274]	Free and total cortisol levels as predictors of severity and outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3B+
Christ‐Crain  et al. [269]	Use of B‐type natriuretic peptide in the risk stratification of community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3B+
Hirakata et al. [261]	Comparison of usefulness of plasma procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein measurements for estimation of severity in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia	RCS	4C−
Hohenthal  et al. [262]	Utility of C‐reactive protein in assessing the disease severity and complications of community‐acquired pneumonia	RCS	4B+
Holm et al. [228]	Procalcitonin vs. C‐reactive protein for predicting pneumonia in adults with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care	PCS	3B+
Huang et al. [272]	Midregional proadrenomedullin as a prognostic tool in community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Menendez  et al. [263]	Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community‐acquired pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Okimoto et al. [265]	Procalcitonin and severity of community‐acquired pneumonia	RCS	4C−
Kruger et al. [266]	Pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide and pro‐vasopressin to predict severity and prognosis in community‐acquired pneumonia: results from the German competence network CAPNETZ	PCS	3A+
Kruger et al. [276]	Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community‐acquired pneumonia across all CRB‐65 classes	PCS	3A+
Kruger et al. [268]	C‐terminal provasopressin (copeptin) in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia—influence of antibiotic pretreatment: results from the German competence network CAPNETZ	PCS	3A+
Prat et al. [270]	Midregional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide as a prognostic marker in pneumonia	PCS	3A+
Salluh et al. [275]	Adrenal response in severe community‐acquired pneumonia: impact on outcomes and disease severity	PCS	3A+
Tejera et al. [273]	Prognosis of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP): value of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) and other mediators of the inflammatory response	PCS	3B−
Thiem et al. [264]	C‐reactive protein, severity of pneumonia and mortality in elderly, hospitalised patients with community‐acquired pneumonia	RCS	4B+