No risk factors for P. aeruginosa

Non‐antipseudomonal cephalosporin III + macrolidea or  moxifloxacin or levofloxacin ± non‐antipseudomonal cephalosporin III

Risk factors for P. aeruginosa

Antipseudomonal cephalosporinb or acylureidopenicillin/β‐lactamase inhibitor or carbapenem (meropenem preferred, up to 6 g possible, 3 × 2 in 3‐h infusion) PLUS Ciprofloxacinc OR PLUS Macrolidea + aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin)

^aNew macrolides preferred to erythromycin.

^bCeftazidime has to be combined with penicillin G for coverage of S. pneumoniae.

^cLevofloxacin 750 mg/24 h or 500 mg twice daily is an alternative and also covers Gram‐positive bacteria if treatment is empirical.