Table 4.
Aetiology of community‐acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to an ICU (%). (Blank boxes indicate organism not sought)
| Reference | n | SP | HI | LP | SA | GNEB | MP | CS | CPsi | CB | Virus | Influenza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkhayer et al. [136] | 18 | 16.7 | 0 | 11.1 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | |
| Almirall et al. [137] | 58 | 17.2 | 1.7 | 8.6 | 0 | 6.9 | 0 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.75 | – | |
| BTS [138] | 60 | 18.3 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 5 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.3 | 5.0 |
| El Solh et al. [36] | 57 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 2 | |||||
| Gowardman and Trent [39] | 32 | 18.4 | 9.2 | 11.6 | ||||||||
| Hirani and Macfarlane 1997 [41] | 57 | 17.5 | 0 | 15.8 | 12.3 | 1.8 | 0 | 5.3 | 0 | 10.5 | 8.8 | |
| Leroy et al. [139] | 299 | 26.8 | 8.7 | 0 | 19.1 | 15.1 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0 | – | – | |
| Moine et al. [140] | 132 | 32.6 | 10.6 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 10.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 5.35 | 1.5 | |
| Olaechea et al. [53] | 262 | 11.5 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0 | 1.95 | – | |
| Ortqvist et al. [141] | 53 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 0 | 7.0 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pachon et al. [142] | 67 | 17.9 | 3.0 | 10.4 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Paganin et al. [143] | 112 | 42.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 26.8 | ||||||
| Rello et al. [144] | 58 | 22.4 | 0 | 13.8 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.75 | 1.7 |
| Rello et al. [145] | 204 | 20.1 | 5.3 | 11.2 | 2.4 | 5.8 | 0.9 | |||||
| Sorensen et al. [146] | 36 | 33.3 | 8.33 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.9 | 2.8 |
| Torres et al. [147] | 92 | 15.2 | 0 | 14.1 | 1.1 | 9.8 | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Woodhead et al. [148] | 50 | 32 | 0 | 30.0 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.0 | 4.0 |
| Range | 12–43 | 0–12 | 0–30 | 0–19 | 0–27 | 0–7 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 0–17 | 0–9 |
SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae; HI, Haemophilus influenzae; LP, Legionella pneumophila; SA, Staphylococcus aureus; GNEB, Gram‐negative enteric bacilli; MP, Mycoplasma pneumoniae; CS, Chlamydia species (all); CPsi, Chlamydophila psittaci; CB, Coxiella burnetii.