Table 1.

Representative SARS-CoV RBD- and MERS-CoV RBD-Targeting nAbs^a

Ab name	Source	Neutralizing activity	Neutralizing mechanism	Protective efficacy	Refsb
S230.15 m396 mAbs	Human	Neutralize human (strains GD03, Urbani, Tor2) and palm civet (strains SZ3, SZ16) SARS-CoV infection	Recognize epitopes (residues 408, 442, 443, 460, 475) on SARS-CoV S1 protein, interfering with RBD–ACE2 receptor interaction	Protect mice against challenge of SARS-CoV (strains Urbani, rGD03, or rSZ16)	[9]
S109.8 S227.14 S230.15 mAbs	Human	Neutralize human (Urbani, GZ02, CUHK-W1), palm civet (HC/SZ/61/03), and raccoon dog (A031G) SARS-CoV infectious clones containing S variants	Inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV RBD–ACE2 receptor	Protect mice against challenge of SARS-CoV infectious clones (Urbani, GZ02, HC/SZ/61/03) or mouse-adapted strain (MA15)	[10]
80R scFv, mAb	Human	Neutralize live SARS-CoV (strain Urbani) infection	Recognize epitopes on SARS-CoV S1 (residues 261–672), blocking RBD–ACE2 binding and inhibiting syncytium formation	NA	[11]
CR3022 CR3014 scFv, mAb	Human	Neutralize live SARS-CoV (strain HKU-39849) infection; CR3022 could neutralize CR3014 escape variants	Recognize epitopes on SARS-CoV RBD (residues 318–510); CR3022 binds SARS-CoV-2 RBD with high affinity	CR3014 protects ferrets against SARS-CoV (strain HKU-39849) infection	[13]
33G4 35B5 30F9 mAbs	Mouse	Neutralize human (strains GD03, Tor2) and palm civet (SZ3) pseudotyped SARS-CoV infection	Recognize epitopes on SARS-CoV RBD, blocking RBD–ACE2 receptor binding	NA	[12]
MERS-27 m336 MERS-GD27 MCA1 mAbs, Fabs	Human	Neutralize divergent strains of pseudotyped and live (strain EMC2012) MERS-CoV infection	Recognize a number of key epitopes on MERS-CoV RBD protein, blocking RBD–DPP4 receptor binding	Prophylactically and therapeutically prevent and treat MERS-CoV (strain EMC2012) challenge in hDPP4-Tg mice, rabbits, or common marmosets	[3,8]
4C2 h hMS-1 mAbs	Humanized	Neutralize divergent strains of pseudotyped and live (strain EMC2012) MERS-CoV infection	Recognize epitopes (residues 510, 511, 553) on MERS-CoV RBD protein, blocking RBD–DPP4 receptor binding	Prevent MERS-CoV (strain EMC2012) challenge in Ad5/hDPP4-transduced or hDPP4-Tg mice	[3]
Mersmab1 4C2 D12 mAbs	Mouse	Neutralize pseudotyped and live (strain EMC2012) MERS-CoV infection	Recognize a number of key epitopes on MERS-CoV RBD protein, blocking RBD–DPP4 receptor binding	NA	[3]
HCAb-83 Nb	Dromedary camel	Neutralizes live MERS-CoV (strain EMC2012) infection	Recognizes epitope (residue 539) on MERS-CoV RBD protein	Prophylactically prevents MERS-CoV (strain EMC2012) challenge in hDPP4-Tg mice	[8]
NbMS10-Fc Nb	Llama	Neutralizes multiple strains of pseudotyped and live (strain EMC2012) MERS-CoV infection	Recognizes epitope (residue 539) on MERS-CoV RBD protein	Prophylactically and therapeutically prevents and treats MERS-CoV (strain EMC2012) challenge in hDPP4-Tg mice	[8]

^aAbbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ad5/hDPP4-transduced mice, adenovirus serotype 5-hDPP4-transduced mice; hDPP4-Tg mice, human DPP4-transgenic mice; NA, not applicable; rGD03 or rSZ16, recombinant SARS-CoVs bearing the S protein of GD03 or SZ16; S, spike.

^bNote: Due to space limitations, some review articles, rather than original research papers reporting the antibodies, are cited.