Table.

Possible risks and bioethical issues related to CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Organism	Risks	Bioethical issues	References
Bacteria	Nontarget mutationsGene drifts	Ecological imbalance	Rodriguez, 2016 Hundleby and Harwood, 2019 Esvelt et al., 2014
Plants	Nontarget mutationsGene drifts	Ecological imbalancePatenting	Shinwari et al., 2017 Hundleby and Harwood, 2019
Animals /chimeric animals	Nontarget mutations	Ecological imbalance Patenting Animal welfare and dignity Threatening of human dignity and identity	Rodriguez, 2016 Polcz and Lewis, 2016 Rodriguez, 2017 Eriksson et al., 2018 Koplin, 2019 Degrazia, 2019 de Graeff et al., 2019
Humans	Nontarget mutations Side effects Cost Genetic mosaicism	Eugenics Informed consent Enhancement Accessibility Patenting Safety Incomplete or over legislations	Otieno, 2015 Rodriguez, 2016 Duardo-Sánchez, 2017 Shinwari et al., 2017 Greene and Master, 2018 Sherkow, 2018 Cathomen et al., 2019 Hirsch et al., 2019