Table 1.

Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives.

Type of trial	Antiviral activity
Randomised controlled trials	Reduced hepatocellular damage in chronic hepatitis B and C (and act synergistically with interferon in treatment of hepatitis C infections (van Rossum et al., 1999) Reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C induced cirrhosis (Kumada, 2002)
In vivo studies	Reduced mortality and viral activity in herpes simplex virus encephalitis (Sekizawa et al., 2001) and influenza A H5N1 virus (Michaelis et al., 2011)
In vitro studies	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 (Hirabayashi et al., 1991), hepatitis C (Ashfaq et al., 2011), SARS related coronavirus (Cinatl et al., 2003), respiratory syncytial virus (Wang et al., 2006), arboviruses (Briolant et al., 2004), vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (Pompei et al., 1979)