Table 1.
Demographics, clinical features and outcomes of all 214 patients
| Fever/RS group (n = 107) | Non-fever/RS group (n = 107) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Median age in years (range) | 69 (18–92) | 66 (19–93) | 0.411 |
| Female | 45 (42.1) | 45 (42.1) | 1.000 |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Hypertension | 51 (47.7) | 57 (53.3) | 0.494 |
| Chronic heart disease | 33 (30.8) | 31 (29.0) | 0.881 |
| Chronic lung disease | 27 (25.2) | 7 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 14 (13.1) | 6 (5.6) | 0.098 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 (11.2) | 15 (14.0) | 0.681 |
| Neurological conditions | 13 (12.1) | 15 (14.0) | 0.840 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4 (3.7) | 2 (1.9) | 0.683 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31 (29.0) | 31 (29.0) | 1.000 |
| Thyroid disease | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Other endocrine or metabolic disorders | 7 (6.5) | 10 (9.3) | 0.614 |
| Gout or pseudogout | 3 (2.8) | 6 (5.6) | 0.498 |
| Autoimmune disease | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Solid organ malignancy | 19 (17.8) | 13 (12.1) | 0.338 |
| Haematological malignancy | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.7) | 1.000 |
| Transplant recipient | 0 (0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.498 |
| Respiratory symptoms or fever upon admission | |||
| Cough | 66 (61.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 50 (46.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Sputum | 42 (39.3) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Shortness of breath | 35 (32.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Runny nose | 33 (30.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 19 (17.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Non-respiratory presenting symptoms/reason for hospital admission | |||
| Chest discomfort | 24 (22.4) | 29 (27.1) | 0.527 |
| Palpitation or arrhythmia | 8 (7.5) | 19 (17.8) | 0.038 |
| Limb oedema | 11 (10.3) | 8 (7.5) | 0.632 |
| High blood pressure | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.121 |
| Syncope | 4 (3.7) | 9 (8.4) | 0.252 |
| Seizure | 1 (0.9) | 4 (3.6) | 0.369 |
| Dizziness | 14 (13.1) | 22 (20.6) | 0.200 |
| Numbness or weakness | 3 (2.8) | 10 (9.3) | 0.082 |
| Headache | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.8) | 1.000 |
| Confusion | 2 (1.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1.000 |
| Gastrointestinal symptomsa | 28 (26.2) | 20 (18.7) | 0.251 |
| Complications of endocrine disordersb or electrolyte disturbance | 4 (3.7) | 6 (5.6) | 0.748 |
| Trauma | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.121 |
| Cardiac or neurological complications | |||
| Hypertension complications | 1 (0.9) | 6 (5.6) | 0.119 |
| Myocardial infarction or angina | 3 (2.8) | 3 (2.8) | 1.000 |
| Arrhythmia | 5 (4.7) | 11 (10.3) | 0.193 |
| Stroke/transient ischaemic attack | 1 (0.9) | 8 (7.5) | 0.035 |
| Outcome | |||
| Require oxygen supplement | 27 (25.2) | 4 (3.7)c | <0.001 |
| ICU or CCU admission | 0 (0) | 2 (1.8) | 0.498 |
| Death | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: CCU, coronary care unit; ICU, intensive care unit.
Data expressed as n (%) unless otherwise stated.
a
Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, bloating sensation, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, dysphagia and abdominal pain.
b
Complications of endocrine disorders include hypoglycaemia and thyroid storm.
c
Required oxygen supplementation after hospitalization.