Table 2.
Comparison of respiratory virus detection between the fever/RS group and the non-fever RS group. Saliva specimens were tested for respiratory viruses by multiplex PCRa
| Virus | All patients (n = 214) | Fever/RS group (n = 107) | Non-fever/RS group (n = 107) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any virus detected | 73 (34.1) | 48 (44.9) | 25 (23.4) | 0.001 |
| Influenza virus | 19 (8.9) | 17 (15.9) | 2 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Influenza Ab | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.9)c | 1 (0.9)d | 1 |
| Influenza B | 17 (7.9) | 16 (15.0) | 1 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Adenovirus | 17 (7.9) | 6 (5.6) | 11 (10.3) | 0.312 |
| Any PIV | 17 (7.9) | 6 (5.6) | 11 (10.3) | 0.312 |
| PIV-1 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| PIV-2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| PIV-3 | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 |
| PIV-4A | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| PIV-4B | 13 (5.9) | 3 (2.8) | 10 (9.3) | 0.082 |
| Rhinovirus/enteroviruse | 16 (7.5) | 13 (12.1) | 3 (2.8) | 0.017 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 13 (6.1) | 9 (8.4) | 4 (3.7) | 0.252 |
| Any coronaviruses | 6 (2.8) | 6 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.029 |
| Coronavirus 229E | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Coronavirus NL63 | 3 (1.4) | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 0.246 |
| Coronavirus OC43 | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0.498 |
| Coronavirus HKU1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Any RSV | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9)f | 1.000 |
| RSV-A | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9)f | 1.000 |
| RSV-B | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Bocavirus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| More than one respiratory virus detected | 17 (7.9) | 11 (10.3) | 6 (5.6) | 0.312 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RS, respiratory symptom; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
Data expressed as n (%).
Multiplex PCR was performed using NxTAG™ RPP IVD.
Either influenza A, H1 or H3 positive by NxTAG™ RPP IVD.
Both were influenza A virus subtype H3.
Influenza A virus subtype H1.
Rhinovirus and enterovirus cannot be differentiated with NxTAG™ RPP IVD. Differentiation of rhinovirus and enterovirus was achieved by sequence analysis of the VP4/VP2 region. Out of 16 specimens, VP4/VP2 sequencing was successful for nine specimens in the fever/RS group. Rhinovirus A, B and C were detected in three, one and five specimens, respectively.
This patient developed fever during hospitalization after the collection of the saliva specimen.