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Analgesic agents evaluated in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) by pharmacokinetic studies
| Agent | Dosage | Route | Frequency | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tramadol hydrochloride36 | 30 mg/kg | PO | q6-12h | – |
| Butorphanol tartrate (long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation)37 | 12.5 mg/kg | SQ | q4-6h | – |
| Gabapentin38 | 15 mg/kg | PO | q8 h | Neuropathic pain, effects takes days to weeks |
Abbreviations: PO, by mouth; SQ, subcutaneous; q, every.
