Table 1.
Types of adjuvants in development or use.
| Type of Adjuvants | Name of compound | Vaccines in test or use |
|---|---|---|
| Related to Toll like receptors (TLRs) | Aluminum hydroxide and phosphate | PCV7, PCV13, MenC, HPV, HAV, Hib; tetanus vaccine |
| IC31 | Influenza [14] | |
| ASO4 (MPL + QS-21), ASO2A (MPL + Alum), CPG 7907, and GM-CSF | Papilloma virus, hepatitis B, malaria [15] | |
| RD-529, ISS, Flagellin TLR agonists |
||
| Oil based emulsions | CFA, IFA, MF59TM montanide, adjuvant 65, lipovant, QS-21 [16] ISCOMs, ADVAX™, algammulin | Influenza |
| Xenobiotic adjuvants | Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides [17] | Hepatitis B, allergens, tumor cells |
| Tuftsin auto adjuvant | Tuftsin | Influenza, malaria, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, restoration of innate immune system (HIV patients), SLE [18], [19], [20], [21] |
CFA: complete freund adjuvant; IFA: incomplete freund adjuvant; PCV: pneumococcal conjugated vaccine; MenC: meningitis C; HPV: human papiloma Virus; HAV: hepatitis A virus; Hib: haemophilus influenza type b.