Table 2.
Experimental models of adjuvant autoimmunity
| Experimental models | Strain | Disease model or related signs and symptoms | Adjuvant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murine | Rats | DA (dark agouti) rats | Rheumatoid arthritis | Mineral oil (CFA, pristane, squalene,avridine) [34], [35] |
| Arthritis | Collagen [36] | |||
| Sprague Dawley rats | Arthritis | CFA [37] | ||
| MMF | Aluminum [38] | |||
| Mice | BALB/c | Plasmacytomas | Mineral oil, pristane [39] | |
| Sclerosing lipogranulomas | SC injection of mineral oil [40] | |||
| SLE-related autoantibodies | Pristane, CFA, squalene [41] | |||
| C57BL/6 | Antiphospholipid-like syndrome | CFA, IFA [42] | ||
| NZB/NZWF1 | SLE, lupus like GLN | CFA, alum [43] | ||
| Salmons | Impaired growth rate, decreased carcass quality, spinal deformities, uveitis, inflammatory reactions in the abdominal cavity, RF, ANA, ANCA, immune-complex GLN and chronic granulomatous inflammation | Vaccines with adjuvants such as oils [44] | ||
| Rabbits | Inflammation at injection site | Vaccine: CFA, IFA, montanide [45] | ||
| Swine | Granulomatous inflammation Adverse local reactions |
Mineral oils [46] | ||
| Primates | Rhesus macaque | Potential delayed acquisition of neonatal reflexes | aluminum contained in pre clinical vaccine testing [47] |
C57BL/6 (transgenic factor V Leiden-mutated C57/BL6-back-crossed mice); RF: rheumatoid factor; ANA: antinuclear autoantibodies; ANCA: anti-cytoplasmic autoantibodies; GLN: glumerulonephritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematous; MMF: macrophagic myofasciitis.