Table 1.

Mammalian autophagy-related genes

Gene Designation
Yeast	Human	Mouse	Comment	Reference
ATG1	ULK1		Unc-51-like kinase interacts with GATE-16 and GABARAP	Larsen and Sulzer, 2002, Lemasters et al., 2002
ATG3	hATG3/hAPG3	mATG3/mAPG3	an E2-like enzyme for LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16	Liang et al., 1999, Lockshin and Zakeri, 2002, Mann and Hammarback, 1994
ATG4	hATG4A/HsATG4A/HsAPG4A/autophagin-2		Cysteine protease for GATE-16	Liang et al., 1999, Marino et al., 2003, Matsuura et al., 1997, Meier and Silke, 2003
	hATG4B/HsATG4B/hAPG4B/autophagin-1		Cysteine protease for LC3,	Matsuura et al., 1997, Meijer and Dubbelhuis, 2004
			GABARAP, and GATE-16	unpublished results
			Delipidating enzyme for LC3-II and GABARAP	unpublished results
	hAtg4C/HsAUTL1/autophagin-3		Cysteine protease	Matsuura et al., 1997
	hATG4D/autophagin-4			Matsuura et al., 1997
ATG5	hATG5/hAPG5		target protein of Atg12	Mizushima et al., 1998, Mizushima et al., 1998, Mizushima et al., 2001, Mizushima et al., 2003, Mizushima et al., 2003
ATG6	beclin 1	beclin 1	related to tumorigenesis	Mizushima et al., 1999, Mizushima et al., 1998, Mizushima et al., 1998
ATG7	hATG7/HsGSA7/hAPG7	mATG7/mAPG7	an E1-like enzyme for Atg12 and Atg 8 homologues	Mizushima et al., 2001, Mizushima et al., 2004, Mizushima et al., 2002, Mizushima et al., 2003, Mizushima et al., 2003, Nakanishi, 2003, Nemoto et al., 2003
ATG8	LC3		modifier for autophagosomes	Marino et al., 2003, Nishino et al., 2000, Nishino, 2003
	GABARAP		modifier	Noguchi et al., 2004
	GATE-16		modifier	Ogier-Denis and Codogno, 2003
	ATG8L/APG8L		unknown	Meijer and Dubbelhuis, 2004
ATG10		mATG10/mAPG10	an E2-like enzyme for Atg12	Ohsumi, 2001, Okazaki et al., 2000
ATG12	hATG12/hAPG12	mATG12/mAPG12	modifier for autophagosomal	Mizushima et al., 2001, Mizushima et al., 2003, Mizushima et al., 2003, Nemoto et al., 2003
ATG16		ATG16L/APG16L	interacts with Atg5	Otto et al., 2004, Otto et al., 2003