Table 1.
Virus inactivation by PAA/HP treatment: Mean virus titers and 95% C.I. values are given in log10 (TCID50/mL). “Virus Control” is the recovered virus titer obtained after the drying phase. (a) Titers at this sampling stage were used for calculation of the log10 reduction factor. (b) For the influenza viruses H5N1, H3N2 and FLU B the virus titer calculated from successive negative samples is given where no viral infectivity was detected in successive kinetic samples up until the final sample, the volume of all successive negative samples were taken into account for calculation of the assay detection limit. A) lipid-enveloped viruses, B) non-enveloped viruses. n = number of sample series; n.a. = not applicable.
| A | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling stage | Virus |
H5N1 |
H3N2 |
Flu B |
BVDV |
|
| Run design (PAA/HP [mL/m3]; n) | I (0.4; 4) | I (0.4; 4) | I (0.4; 4) | I (0.4; 4) | II (0.8; 2) | |
| Virus control (a) | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | |
| 5 min | <1.1 + 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | <1.1 + 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | |
| 10 min | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | <1.1 + 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | |
| 30 min | <0.6 + 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | <1.1 + 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | |
| 59 min | <0.6 + 0.6 | <1.1 + 0.6 | <1.1 + 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.3(a) | 3.1 ± 0.3(a) | |
| Virus titer calculated from the cumulative volume of successive negative samples (a) (b) |
<0.2 + 0.6 |
<0.8 + 0.6 |
<0.5 + 0.6 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
|
| Virus reduction factor (95% C.I./SD) | >4.1 (−0.6/0.0) | >2.9 (−0.6/0.0) | >3.2 (−0.7/0.0) | 1.6 (±0.4/0.2) | 2.6 (±0.4/0.1) | |
| B | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling stage | Virus |
Reo III |
MVM |
||||
| Run design (PAA/HP [mL/m3]; n) | I (0.4; 4) | II (0.8; 2) | I (0.4; 4) | II (0.8; 2) | III (1.4; 2) | IV (2.9; 2) | |
| Virus control (a) | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | |
| 5 min | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | |
| 10 min | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | |
| 30 min | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | |
| 59 min | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | |
| 114 min | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | |
| 174 min (a) |
3.6 ± 0.3 |
3.7 ± 0.3 |
5.7 ± 0.3 |
4.5 ± 0.3 |
3.1 ± 0.3 |
<1.6 + 0.6 |
|
| Virus reduction factor (95% C.I./SD) | 2.3 (±0.4/0.2) | 2.1 (±0.4/0.2) | 1.1 (±0.4/0.1) | 1.6 (±0.4/0.1) | 3.0 (±0.4/0.1) | >4.6 (−0.7/0.0) | |