Table 4.

Inconsistencies within the phenotype-based DSM-IV-TR classification of irrational fears (in regard to the mode-of-acquisition and neuroevolutionary time-depth)

DSM-IV-TR specific phobia traditional classification:	Primary mode-of-acquisition and the posited neuroevolutionary time-depth if mostly innate
“BLOOD/INJECTION INJURY”	FEAR OF HOSPITALS: A PTSD-like overconsolidational fear
	BLOODLETTING/INJURY FEARS: An innate (mid-Paleolithic) H. sapiens 200,000-70,000 y/o fear circuit
“SITUATIONAL”	FEAR OF ENCLOSED SPACES: An innate (Cenozoic) simian-wide ∼ 20,000,000 y/o fear circuit
	FEAR OF HIGH ELEVATIONS: An innate (Mesozoic) mammalian-wide ∼ 140,000,000 y/o fear circuit
“ANIMAL”	FEAR OF DOGS, BIRDS AND BATS: A PTSD-like overconsolidational fear circuit
	FEAR OF MICE AND INSECTS: An innate (Neolithic) human ∼ 12,000 y/o fear circuit
	FEAR OF SNAKES: An innate (Cenozoic) simian-wide ∼ 20,000,000 y/o fear circuit