Figure 5.

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs)‐derived exosomes promoted proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. A, The expressions of SHH, TGFβ1, EGFR, and LEF‐1 in normal fibroblasts (NFs) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were tested using WB. B and C, The expressions of SHH and TGF‐β1 in conditioned medium (CMs) of CAFs and NFs were tested using ELISA. The expression of TGF‐β1 and SHH in CMs of most CAFs was higher than in NFs group. D, The expression of SHH in exosomes from CAFs and NFs was measured by ELISA. E, The expressions of PTCH1, SMO, GLI1, N‐cadherin, vimentin, and E‐cadherin in TE‐1 and EC109 treated with or without exosomes were tested using WB