Table 2:

Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal iron intake on litter size, fetal and placental growth outcomes on gestational day 20.5. ^a

	IS-MD	IS-PAE	ID-MD	ID-PAE	IF-MD	IF-PAE
Litter size	12.50 ± 0.93	10.86 ± 1.22	12.25 ± 2.12	11.63 ± 1.51	11.38 ± 2.39	12.50 ± 1.93	Iron group: P = 0.8968 EtOH group: P = 0.4648 Iron x EtOH: P = 0.0998
Fetal weight (g)	3.15 ± 0.05	2.71 ± 0.05	3.48 ± 0.05#	2.57 ± 0.10*^†	3.26 ± 0.04#	2.62 ± 0.04*^†	Iron group: P = 0.8422 EtOH group: P < 0.0001 Iron x EtOH: P = 0.4674
Placental weight (g)	0.40 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.01^	Iron group: P = 0.4318 EtOH group: P = 0.0324 Iron x EtOH: P = 0.7449
Placental efficiency b	8.10 ± 0.15	7.32 ± 0.14	8.41 ± 0.19	6.89 ± 0.18*^†	8.32 ± 0.12	7.46 ± 0.15	Iron group: P = 0.8395 EtOH group: P = 0.0043 Iron x EtOH: P = 0.6436

^aValues are means ± SDs for litter size, and means ± SEMs for fetal weight, placental weight, and placental efficiency. n = 8 litters/treatment, in which all fetuses or placentae from the same litter were included in the analyses. Data were analyzed by mixed linear model.

^*indicates statistical significance from IS-MD (P < 0.05);

^#indicates statistical significance from IS-PAE (P < 0.05);

^{^}indicates statistical significance from ID-MD (P < 0.05);

^†indicates statistical significance from IF-MD (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: ID, iron deficient; IF, iron fortified; IS, iron sufficient; MD, maltodextrin; PAE, prenatal alcohol exposure.

^bPlacental efficiency was defined as the ratio of fetal body weight to placental weight.