TABLE 3.
Metabolic set enrichment analysis
| KEGG Pathway | Pathways | CS versus DS‐MCI | DS‐MCI versus DS‐AD | CS versus DS‐AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid metabolism | Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome | 0.04025 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | Leukotriene metabolism | 0.03823 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | De novo fatty acid biosynthesis | 0.04537 | 0.00067 | |
| Fatty acid metabolism | Fatty acid activation | 0.00445 | 0.00067 | |
| Fatty acid metabolism | Fatty acid oxidation | 0.00462 | 0.00622 | |
| Fatty acid metabolism | Omega‐3 fatty acid metabolism | 0.00975 | 0.01874 | |
| Lipid metabolism | Glycerophospholipid metabolism | 0.02185 | 0.01244 | |
| Amino acid metabolism | Arginine and proline metabolism | 0.03748 | 0.00857 | |
| Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | Xenobiotics metabolism | 0.03487 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | Linoleate metabolism | 0.01218 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | Saturated fatty acids beta‐oxidation | 0.02823 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | Omega‐6 fatty acid metabolism | 0.02823 | ||
| Fatty acid metabolism | Carnitine shuttle | 0.0037 | 0.01462 | |
| Lipid metabolism | Phosphatidylinositol phosphate metabolism | 0.00639 | 0.00202 | |
| Nucleotide metabolism | Purine metabolism | 0.00302 | 0.00202 | |
| Neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction | Dynorphin metabolism | 0.02773 | 0.04016 | 0.04949 |
| Lipid metabolism | Limonene and pinene degradation | 0.03445 | 0.04193 | |
| Lipid metabolism | Bile acid biosynthesis | 0.04655 | ||
| Lipid metabolism | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor biosynthesis | 0.04193 | ||
| Lipid metabolism | Vitamin D3 metabolism | 0.04865 | ||
| Lipid metabolism/Carbohydrate metabolism | Glycosphingolipid metabolism | 0.04672 | ||
| Carbohydrate metabolism | Hexose phosphorylation | 0.04193 | ||
| Carbohydrate metabolism | Pentose phosphate pathway | 0.00588 | ||
| Carbohydrate metabolism | Galactose metabolism | 0.04193 | ||
| Carbohydrate metabolism | Fructose and mannose metabolism | 0.04193 | ||
| Nucleic acid/Purine metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism | Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism | 0.04193 | ||
| Carbohydrate metabolism/Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | Aminosugars metabolism | 0.04193 | ||
| Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | Heparan sulfate degradation | 0.04193 | ||
| Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | Keratan sulfate degradation | 0.04193 | ||
| Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | Chondroitin sulfate degradation | 0.04193 | ||
| Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | Sialic acid metabolism | 0.04672 |
KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (https:http://www.genome.jp/kegg/).
Contrasts highlighted in red involved fatty acid metabolism pathways.
Contrasts highlighted in green involve lipid metabolic pathways.
Contrasts highlighted in yellow involve cellular energy metabolic pathways.
* P values reflect significant enrichment of metabolites on the relevant KEGG pathways.