. 2020 Apr 1;13:2747–2755. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S231010

Table 1.

List of Matrix Stiffness Affecting Colorectal Cancer

Cell Types	Experimental Design	Effect on Cells	PMID
Apc1/1638N mice and VilCreERT2/Nic mice	Magnetic nanoparticles; Young’s modulus 35±3 kPa	Rapid Ret activation; up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin	PMID: 25970250²³
SW480, HT29, and LS174T	Collagen-coated wells; Young’s modulus 5–15 kPa	Promoted invasion and metastasis through b1 activation and FAK/SRC signaling.	PMID: 22641216¹⁸
CACO-2, COLO-206F, DLD-1, HT-29 and SW-480	Laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM 3D)	Impair of regulation genes involved in proliferation	PMID: 23555746²⁷
HCT-8	Polyacrylamide (PA) gels; Young’s modulus 21–47kPa	E-R conversion (epithelial-like to rounded, separated, morphologically-like)	PMID: 20959086²
HCT-8, SW480, HCT-116	Polyacrylamide (PA) gels; Young’s modulus 0.1–20kPa	Overexpressed metastasis-related genes in R cells; higher deformability	PMID: 24884630²⁸
HCT116	Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) Young’s modulus 2–70kPa	Matrix stiffness of 25kpa was optimum for colon CSC growth	PMID: 26168187²⁹
HCT‐116, LS174T, RKO, SW480	Polyacrylamide (PA) gels; Young’s modulus 2–20kPa	Stiffness upregulates the expression of CSC markers through b1/FAK/YAP pathway	PMID: 30218452³²
Human colonic fibroblast Ccd-18Co cells	Acrylamide gels; Young’s modulus 2.6–28kPa	Increase the expression of αSMA; changes in the FAK signaling pathway.	PMID: 23502354³⁴
Human colonic fibroblast CCD-18co cells	Acrylamide gels; Young’s modulus 4.3 and 28kPa	Increase expression of αSMA and MYLK through Rho/ROCK/MRTF-A	PMID: 24280883³⁷