Table 4.
Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Medication Non-Adherence in Lebanese Adults
| Factor | Number of Non-Adherent Patients (N=244), (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Age-Sex Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted(a) OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-related | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18–44 | 20 | 10.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 45–64 | 95 | 24.2 | 1.43 (1.11–1.72) | 1.52 (1.16–1.76) | 1.39 (1.13–1.67) |
| ≥65 | 129 | 14.3 | 1. 67 (1.13–1.96) | 1.95 (1.16–2.29) | 1.87 (1.23–2.21) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 126 | 17.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 118 | 15.3 | 1.76 (0.42–2.41)* | 1.74(0.51–2.40)* | 1.49 (0.39–1.64)* |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | 3 | 33.3 | 1.68(1.27–3.42) | 1.43(1.14–1.87) | 1.11 (1.02–1.27) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 56 | 17.6 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–29.9 | 73 | 10.8 | 1.46(1.22–1.80) | 1.23 (1.07–2.04) | 1.54 (1.23–1.89) |
| ≥30 | 112 | 22.6 | 1.71(1.41–1.94) | 1.74 (1.34–1.95) | 1.76 (1.21–1.94) |
| Smoking Status | |||||
| Smoking Cigarettes | 85 | 19.3 | 1.45 (1.14–2.71) | 1.77 (1.13–2.79) | 1.87 (1.34–2.98) |
| Smoking Hookah | 56 | 40.6 | 1.54 (1.26–1.97) | 2.08 (1.12–3.87) | 2.32 (1.35–4.97) |
| Smoking hookah and cigarette | 73 | 50.0 | 2.36 (1.43–1.96) | 2.43 (1.26–4.49) | 2. 62 (1.17–6.76) |
| Never smoked | 24 | 4.8 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ex-smoker | 6 | 2.2 | 0.84 (0.45–2.61)* | 1.16 (0.48–1.97)* | 0.86 (0.43–1.05)* |
| Patients’ Awareness About Importance of Medication Adherence | |||||
| Yes | 78 | 6.3 | 0.24 (0.12–0.56) | 0.20 (0.15–0.61) | 0.22 (0.13–0.54) |
| No | 166 | 63.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Patients’ belief in treatment | |||||
| Yes | 75 | 6.1 | 0.29 (0.11–0.67) | 0.33 (0.19–0.69) | 0.31 (0.14–0.76) |
| No | 169 | 62.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Self-Measurement of BP | |||||
| Yes | 60 | 24.6 | 0.51 (0.24–0.92) | 0.63 (0.31–0.95) | 0.67 (0.32–0.91) |
| no | 184 | 75.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Normal BP Reading | |||||
| Yes | 43 | 17.6 | 0.58(0.21–0.96) | 0.51 (0.14–0.93) | 0.49 (0.18–0.97) |
| No | 201 | 82.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Social/Economic-Related | |||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 89 | 58.2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married | 32 | 2.9 | 1.84 (1.12–3.41) | 1.91 (1.38–3.94) | 1.96 (1.27–3.90) |
| Divorced/Separated | 49 | 71.0 | 2.28 (1.30–4.40) | 2.31 (1.21–4.81) | 2.14 (1.31–5.48) |
| Widowed | 74 | 46.6 | 2.51 (1.75–7.81) | 2.63 (1.52–8.43) | 2.11 (1.62–6.50) |
| Living Arrangements | |||||
| alone | 196 | 95.2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| With others | 48 | 3.7 | 1.48 (1.26–2.14) | 1.51 (1.24–2.54) | 1.95 (1.19–2.68) |
| Education Level | |||||
| No formal education | 56 | 22.0 | 2.44 (0.81–3.96)* | 2.53(0.45–4.10)* | 2.23 (0.72–3.74)* |
| Primary education | 42 | 8.6 | 1.46 (1.07–2.30)* | 1.76 (0.27–3.06)* | 1.31 (0.41–4.17)* |
| Secondary education | 64 | 14.6 | 1.29 (0.45–1.32)* | 1.67 (0.52–1.81)* | 1.59 (0.54–1.89)* |
| University studies | 82 | 26.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Having a Health Insurance? | |||||
| Yes | 107 | 9.1 | 1.07 (0.08–2.24)* | 1.29 (1.10–1.85) | 1.29 (1.11–1.74) |
| No | 137 | 42.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Condition-related factor | |||||
| Controlling stress | |||||
| Yes | 52 | 6.2 | 0.62 (0.37–0.91) | 0.53(0.23–0.94) | 0.77 (0.38–0.95) |
| No | 192 | 29.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Notes: aAdjusted for the following covariates: age, gender, educational level, marital status, monthly income and health insurance. *Variables those were not significant during logistic regression analysis at P value < 0.05.