Table 2.
Demographics, synovitis grade, rotator cuff tear characteristics, comorbidities and concomitant procedures between the stiffness and non-stiff cohorts.
| Variable | Post-operative Stiffness (n = 32) | No Stiffness (n = 258) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 55.9 (28–78) | 57.9 (33–88) | 0.30 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 21 (65.6%) | 158 (61.2%) | 0.77 |
| Female | 11 (34.3%) | 100 (38.6%) | |
| Synovitis Grade | 3.28 (1.0–6.0) | 2.47 (0–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Axillary Recess | |||
| Normal | 7 (21.9%) | 95 (36.8%) | 0.15 |
| Contracted | 25 (78.1%) | 163 (63.2%) | |
| Capillary Grade | |||
| Scattered | 21 (65.6%) | 218 (84.5%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertrophied | 11 (34.3%) | 40 (15.5%) | |
| Villous Projection Grade | |||
| None | 3 (9.4%) | 55 (21.1%) | 0.24 |
| Few | 25 (78.1%) | 182 (70.5%) | |
| Extensive | 4 (12.5%) | 21 (8.1%) | |
| Color | |||
| Pale | 1 (3.1%) | 63 (24.4%) | 0.002 |
| Pink | 25 (9.7%) | 179 (69.4%) | |
| Red | 6 (18.8%) | 16 (6.2%) | |
| Number of Tendons | 1.9 (1–3) | 1.6 (1–4) | 0.06 |
| Tear Thickness | |||
| Full thickness | 28 (87.5%) | 223 (86.4%) | 1.0 |
| Partial Thickness | 4 (12.5%) | 35 (13.4%) | |
| Passive Pre-operative Forward Elevation | 135.6 (40–175) | 143.2 (40–175) | 0.20 |
| Passive Pre-operative External Rotation | 38.3 (0–70) | 51.3 (0–90) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 5 (15.6%) | 29 (11.2%) | 0.66 |
| Hypothyroid | 2 (6.3%) | 15 (5.8%) | 0.98 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 12 (37.5%) | 97 (37.6%) | 1.0 |
| Adhesive Capsulitis | 1 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.21 |
| Concomitant Procedures | |||
| Sub-acromial Decompression | 24 (75%) | 126 (48.8%) | 0.009 |
| Distal Clavicle Excision | 3 (9.4%) | 11 (4.2%) | 0.40 |
| Biceps Tenodesis | 7 (21.9%) | 106 (41.0%) | 0.06 |
| Labral Debridement | 0 (0%) | 7 (2.7%) | 0.74 |
| Capsular Release | 9 (28.1%) | 34 (13.2%) | 0.06 |