Deletion of S6k1 but not S6k2 attenuates lactate-induced VEGF production in bone marrow–derived macrophages. (A and B) Expression of VEGF protein detected using ELISA (A) and Vegf mRNA measured by real-time PCR in S6k1−/−, S6k2−/−, and wild-type bone marrow–derived macrophages after treatment with 10 mM lactate for 24 and 6 hours, respectively. (C) Level of VEGF protein assessed using ELISA in S6k1−/−, S6k2−/−, and wild-type bone marrow–derived macrophages after 24 hours of treatment with 100 μg/ml LPS combined with 1 μM NECA. (D) Level of Hif-1α mRNA measured by real-time PCR in S6k1−/−, S6k2−/−, and wild-type bone marrow–derived macrophages treated with 10 mM lactate for 4 hours. (E) HIF-α protein level assessed by immunoblotting in S6k1−/− and wild-type bone marrow–derived macrophages after treatment with 10 mM lactate for 4 and 6 hours. β-Actin served as a loading control, and relative gel density was determined by quantification with densitometry and analysis using ImageJ software. Data are presented as means ± SEM.