AT‐MSCs or PBS was intradermally injected to WT or CD18−/− wounds, and the wound tissues were harvested at days 2, 5, and 7 post‐wounding. Depicted are representative photographs of wound cryosections at days 2 and 5 post‐wounding stained for human‐specific β2M (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars: 100 μm.
Genomic DNA was isolated from the wound tissues, and the amount of human‐specific Alu DNA was quantified by real‐time PCR and then converted to the number of AT‐MSCs based on a standard curve. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3 at each time point, *P < 0.05 by two‐tailed unpaired t‐test.
Total TGF‐β1 concentrations in wound lysates were measured by TGF‐β1‐specific ELISA. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3 at each time point, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's test.
The expression of human TGF‐β1 in cultured AT‐MSCs and wound tissues of WT or CD18−/− wounds received AT‐MSCs injection was quantified by qPCR with primers specifically amplify human TGF‐β1, and normalized on the numbers of MSCs in each condition shown in (B). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 8 wounds (two wounds × four mice) per time point, *P < 0.05 by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's test. AU, arbitrary unit.