Figure 5. TGF‐β1 released by MSCs contributes to induced myofibroblast differentiation and granulation tissue formation.

• A–C
  2.5 × 10⁵ of TGF‐β1 siRNA or control siRNA‐transfected AT‐MSCs were intradermally injected around each of CD18^−/− murine wound. PBS mock injection served as negative control. Wound tissue was harvested at day 2, 5, and 7 post‐wounding for quantification of human TGF‐β1 mRNA (A) at day 2 by qPCR, total TGF‐β1 (B), and active TGF‐β1 (C) protein at day 5 by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3 wounds per group, **P < 0.01, by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's test.
• D–G
  Expression of α‐SMA (D and E) and CD31 (F and G) at days 5 and 7 by immunostaining on tissue sections. The dashed lines indicate the border of the wound bed and epidermis or eschar. e, epidermis; es, eschar; wb, wound bed. Scale bars: 100 μm. Quantification data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3 wounds per group, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's test.

Source data are available online for this figure.