Table 2.
Summary of animala and herdb level variables examined as potential risk factors for cow or heifer treatment during the 2002 calving season. Denominators are provided in instances where data are only applicable to a sub-set of animals.
| Variable examined as a potential risk factor | Percent (number) of cows with attribute | Percent (number) of herds with at least one cow with attribute |
|---|---|---|
| Ecoregion | ||
| 1. Aspen Parkland | 25 (9086) | 26 (53) |
| 2. Boreal Transition | 11 (3838) | 11 (22) |
| 3. Fescue Grassland | 13 (4884) | 12 (25) |
| 4. Mixed Grassland | 14 (5283) | 14 (29) |
| 5. Moist Mixed Grassland | 13 (4822) | 13 (26) |
| 6. Northern Continental Divide | 4.5 (1648) | 3.9 (8) |
| 7. Peace Lowland | 10 (3720) | 12 (25) |
| 8. Western Alberta Upland | 4.6 (1668) | 3.9 (8) |
| 9. Western Boreal | 4.6 (1685) | 3.5 (7) |
| Vaccinated for BVDV/IBR prebreeding 2001 | ||
| 1. Live vaccine | 16 (5772) | 17 (35) |
| 2. Inactivated vaccine | 42 (15,317) | 42 (85) |
| 3. No vaccine | 38 (14,033) | 37 (76) |
| 4. Not reported | 4.1 (1512) | 3.5 (7) |
| Heifers vaccinated for diarrhea (E. coli) precalving 2002c | 34 (1749/5207) | 35 (65/185) |
| Cows vaccinated for diarrhea (E. coli) precalving 2002c | 35 (9092/26,040) | 34 (70/203) |
| Heifers vaccinated for diarrhea (viral) precalving 2002c | 38 (1969/5207) | 35 (65/185) |
| Cows vaccinated for diarrhea (viral) precalving 2002c | 29 (7518/26,040) | 31 (63/203) |
| BCS pre-calving <5 (9-point scale)d | 6.0 (1740/29,173) | 72 (146) |
| BCS at pregnancy testing <5 (9-point scale)c | 8.4 (3063/36,464) | 77 (157) |
| Cow born on farm not purchased | 52 (18,997) | 92 (187) |
| No cow problem post-partum | 99 (30,901/31,247) | 100 (203) |
| Prolapse | 0.2 (57/31,247) | 21 (43) |
| Retained fetal membrane | 0.9 (281/31,247) | 40 (82) |
| Metritis | 0.0 (8/31,247) | 2.5 (5) |
| Calving assistance reported | ||
| 1. No assistancec,e | 94 (29,337/31,247) | 100 (203) |
| 2. Easy pullc,e | 4.4 (1392/31,247) | 87 (177) |
| 3. Hard pullc,e | 1.7 (538/31,247) | 68 (138) |
| 4. Malpresentationc,e | 1.2 (367/31,247) | 55 (111) |
| 5. Caesarian section surgeryc,e | 0.5 (151/31,247) | 34 (69) |
| Predominant breed type | ||
| 1. British | 43 (15,755) | 83 (170) |
| 2. Continental | 47 (17,075) | 80 (163) |
| 3. Cross | 9.4 (3424) | 36 (73) |
| 4. No record | 1.0 (380) | 16 (34) |
| Age category | ||
| 1. Yearling heifer (born 2001) | 15 (5387) | 84 (171) |
| 2. 2-year old heifer (born 2000) | 14 (5207) | 91 (185) |
| 3. 3-year old cow (born 1999) | 13 (4837) | 96 (195) |
| 4. Mature cow (born 1993 to 1998) | 45 (16,364) | 100 (202) |
| 5. Old cow (born 1991 or earlier) | 10 (3648) | 96 (194) |
| 6. No record of age | 3.3 (1191) | 22 (45) |
a
Total number of cows and heifers enrolled, n = 36,634.
b
Total number of herds enrolled, N = 203.
c
Data pertains to all adult females in the herd as of January 1, 2002, except for the attributes that are specific to bred cows and heifers.
d
Not all cows had BCS (body condition scores) these data represent cows with body condition scores.
e
Calving information includes stillbirths, abortions and live calves.