Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participating children
| Variable | Boys (N = 523) | Girls (N = 528) | All (N = 1051) | p-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 9.3 ± 1.7 (9.16–9.45) | 9.2 ± 1.7 (9.06–9.35) | 9.2 ± 1.7 (9.10–9.30) | 0.165 |
| Body weight (kg) | 38.6 ± 23.2 (36.6–40.6) | 33.2 ± 12.9 (32.9–34.3) | 35.8 ± 18.9 (34.7–36.9) | < 0.001 |
| Body height (cm) | 133.6 ± 11.7 (132.6–134.6) | 133.1 ± 12.5 (132.0–134.2) | 133.4 ± 12.1 (132.7–134.1) | 0.517 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 20.8 ± 9.6 (20.0–21.6) | 18.1 ± 4.4 (17.7–18.5) | 19.4 ± 7.6 (18.9–19.9) | < 0.001 |
| Average breakfast intake (day/week) | 3.44 ± 2.3 (3.24–3.64) | 3.58 ± 2.3 (3.38–3.78) | 3.51 ± 2.3 (3.37–3.65) | 0.350 |
| Public school | 3.07 ± 2.2 (2.88–3.26) | 3.52 ± 2.3 (3.32–3.72) | 3.30 ± 2.3 (3.16–3.44) | Gender by school interaction = 0.001 |
| Private school | 4.23 ± 2.3 (4.03–4.43) | 3.68 ± 2.3 (3.48–3.87) | 3.95 ± 2.3 (3.81–4.09) | |
| Daily breakfast intake (%) | 19.3 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 0.285 |
| Public school | 13.3 | 21.4 | 17.3 | 0.005 |
| Private school | 32.5 | 23.6 | 27.9 | 0.070 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | 0.736 | < 0.001 |
Data are means ± standard deviations (95% CI) or percentage
aT-test for independent samples (anthropometrics), 2-way ANCOVA (with average breakfast intake (day/week) as adjusted for age) or Chi Squares tests for the proportions (daily breakfast intake (%))