Table 5.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants relative to daily or non-daily breakfast intake (mean and SD or percentage)
| Variable (percent within item relative to total) | Breakfast Intake | p-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daily | Non-daily | ||
| Age (years) | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 0.266 |
| Body weight (kg) | 34.7 ± 18.7 | 36.2 ± 19.1 | 0.332 |
| Height (cm) | 132.4 ± 12.0 | 133.6 ± 12.2 | 0.188 |
| BMI | 19.1 ± 1.7 | 19.5 ± 1.7 | 0.441 |
| Average breakfast intake (day/week) | 7.0 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| Parent answering the questionnaire (%) | 0.596 | ||
| Mother (53.5%) | 21.5 | 78.5 | |
| Father (43.1%) | 19.6 | 80.4 | |
| Someone else (3.4%) | 25.7 | 74.3 | |
| The child is living with (%) | 0.692 | ||
| Both parents (94.3%) | 20.5 | 79.5 | |
| Mother (4.2%) | 22.7 | 77.3 | |
| Father (1.3%) | 30.8 | 69.2 | |
| Relative (0.2%) | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| Number of family members living in the house (%) | 0.609 | ||
| 2–5 (32.6%) | 19.5 | 80.5 | |
| 6-9 (60.8%) | 22.0 | 78.0 | |
| 10 + (6.6%) | 19.1 | 80.9 | |
| Father’s age (%) | 0.476 | ||
| < 30 years (0.3%) | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| 30-39 years (27.2%) | 23.7 | 76.3 | |
| 40-49 years (46.5%) | 20.0 | 80.0 | |
| 50–59 years (22.5%) | 20.4 | 79.6 | |
| 60 + years (3.5%) | 13.9 | 86.1 | |
| Mother’s age (%) | 0.095 | ||
| < 30 years (8.7%) | 15.6 | 84.4 | |
| 30-39 years (54.1%) | 22.5 | 77.5 | |
| 40-49 years (32.6%) | 20.2 | 79.8 | |
| 50–59 years (4.3%) | 13.3 | 86.7 | |
| 60 + years (0.3%) | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
| Father’s education (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Intermediate or less (11.8%) | 12.3 | 87.7 | |
| High school (32.0%) | 14.8 | 85.2 | |
| University degree (43.2%) | 24.9 | 75.1 | |
| Post graduate degree (12.9%) | 30.8 | 69.2 | |
| Mother’s education (%) | 0.004 | ||
| Intermediate or less (17.9%) | 18.4 | 81.6 | |
| High school (31.9%) | 15.2 | 84.8 | |
| University degree (46.9%) | 25.2 | 74.8 | |
| Post graduate degree (3.4%) | 25.7 | 74.3 | |
| Family income (%)b | 0.001 | ||
| 5000 SR or less (13.4%) | 13.6 | 86.4 | |
| 5001–10,000 SR (26.4%) | 16.2 | 83.8 | |
| 10,001–15,000 SR (25.1%) | 21.1 | 78.9 | |
| 15,001–20,000 SR (18.3%) | 22.2 | 77.8 | |
| 20,001–25,000 SR (8.1%) | 36.3 | 63.7 | |
| 25,001 + SR (8.8%) | 25.3 | 74.7 | |
| Type of housing living in (%) | 0.295 | ||
| Apartment (19.8%) | 16.2 | 83.8 | |
| One floor in a villa (28.2%) | 22.3 | 77.7 | |
| Small villa (less than 500 m2) (26.0%) | 23.1 | 76.9 | |
| Medium size villa (500–1000 m2) (21.9%) | 19.5 | 80.5 | |
| Large villa (more than 1000 m2) (4.1%) | 26.2 | 73.8 | |
aChi-Square tests of proportions
bSR Saudi Riyal = 3.75 US$